Direct synthesis of Mg–Ni compounds from their oxides

Calciothermic reduction of NiO by molten salt electrolysis of CaO in CaCl2 melt

“…The metallic products are formed at the cathode and the carbonic gases are expelled at the anode [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Aside from pure metal production, this process was tried in producing some alloys and intermetallic compounds directly from the oxide mixture [14][15][16][17][18][19], making it an attractive reduction method. Varieties of salts are employed as the electrolytes, but the salt most largely used is CaCl 2 -based salt because calcium chloride can dissolve up to 20 mol% CaO [20][21][22] and because a small addition of CaO in CaCl 2 was found to improve the rate of reduction and deoxidation [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]12,13].…”

“…FFC-Cambridge process [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], on the other hand, is considered as the concept of cathodic oxygen ionization of the solid oxide in the molten salt to reduce the pelletized metal oxide precursor which is served as the cathode (Eq.6). FFC-Cambridge cathodic reaction is presented by the following equations [10]:…”

Synthesis of La2(Ni1-xCox)7(x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) Hydrogen Storage Alloys by the Electro-Deoxidation Technique

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9] Recently a novel technique called electro-deoxidation, which is also known as Fray-Farthing-Chen (FFC) Cambridge process, 10,11 is reported as very promising for the economical synthesis of the hydrogen storage alloys. [12][13][14] One of the well-known commercial alloy groups for the nickel metal hydride batteries is lanthanum-nickel based alloys and they are generally synthesized by the melting and casting under the protective atmosphere. [15][16][17][18][19] Of course the individual elements (La, Ni and other additive elements) must be already extracted and refined for the melting and casting processes.…”

Direct synthesis of La-Mg-Ni-Co type hydrogen storage alloys from oxide mixtures

“…Reactions ( 3 ), ( 4 ), ( 5 ), ( 7 ) and ( 8 ) are the cathodic reactions. The oxygen ions released from these reactions go to the graphite anode to drive following anodic reactions: The final morphology (as compared to the sinter morphology in Fig.…”

“…The effectiveness of the electrodeoxidation becomes much more apparent especially if the elements/alloys have very complex production steps in their ordinary synthesis pathways. Utilization of the electro-deoxidation was extended to the synthesis of the energy storage materials since the economics is also very important consideration in the production of these materials due to the potential large scale applications of them like in the battery systems of the electric vehicles [7][8][9][10][11][12] .…”