Direct uptake of canopy rainwater causes turgor-driven growth spurts in the mangrove Avicennia marina

Steppe, Kathy; Vandegehuchte, Maurits W.; Wal, Bart A.E. Van de; Hoste, Pieter; Guyot, Adrien; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Lockington, David

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpy024

Cited by 75 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…It should be noted that these methods would integrate water absorbed through both leaves and bark (e.g., Earles et al, ). The rates cited in several studies suggest that reverse flow rates can be 5% to 26% of maximum transpiration fluxes, which is consistent with leaf‐level data (Burgess & Dawson, ; Cassana et al, ; Eller et al, ; Li, Xiao, Zhao, Zhou, & Wang, ; Steppe et al, ). What is unclear in these studies is the extent to which negative sap flow in wood presents a 1:1 relationship with water absorbed at the leaf surface.…”

Section: Integrating Fwu Into Plant Water Budgetssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The vapour pressure of the air reaches saturation (or near saturation) due to changes in weather conditions. FWU has been demonstrated during periods when the air is saturated and liquid water forms on leaves, such as during rain and mist (Breshears et al, ; Steppe et al, ), fog (Burgess & Dawson, ; Simonin et al, ), and dew (Scherm & van Bruggen, ; Munné‐Bosch & Alegre, ; Munné Bosch, Nogues, & Alegre, ). However, there is also evidence of FWU of water vapour during periods where the air has not condensed to liquid water (i.e., water still in vapour form).…”

Section: Physical and Biological Requirements Of Fwumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, Laur and Hacke (, ) found greater up‐regulation of aquaporins in phloem, suggesting that this water is initially transported to the phloem and then possibly the xylem. Sap flow (heat ratio method) has also been used to demonstrate that water from FWU is incorporated into plant vasculature (Burgess & Dawson, ; Darby, Draguljić, Glunk, & Gotsch, ; Eller et al, ; Goldsmith et al, ; Gotsch et al, , ; Nadezhdina et al, ; Steppe et al, ). Most recently, Steppe et al () demonstrated that FWU induced radial stem growth driven by changes in cell turgor.…”

Section: Pathways Of Water Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complex canopies exhibit high spatial variability in microclimate, which can result in subcanopy leaves staying wet for up to 22 hr following rain events, more than double the time of canopy leaves (Dietz, Leuschner, Hölscher, & Kreilein, ). Although studies quantifying leaf wetness patterns are valuable, the complex dynamics of these patterns are just now being incorporated into canopy storage or plant water and carbon balance models (e.g., Steppe et al, ). Sap flow data during these periods demonstrate FWU during leaf wetting periods, but do not allow for separation of sunlit versus shaded layers of the canopy.…”

Section: Critical Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, could the altered water potential values, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis from 1 day of FWU be observed for days or weeks? Steppe et al () demonstrated that FWU was important for turgor maintenance and growth in A . marina .…”

Section: Critical Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets

Berry

Emery

Gotsch

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

196

179

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Nearly all plant families, represented across most major biomes, absorb water directly through their leaves. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as foliar water uptake. Recent studies have suggested that foliar water uptake provides a significant water subsidy that can influence both plant water and carbon balance across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Despite this, our mechanistic understanding of when, where, how, and to what end water is absorbed through leaf surfaces remains limited. We first review the evidence for the biophysical conditions necessary for foliar water uptake to occur, focusing on the plant and atmospheric water potentials necessary to create a gradient for water flow. We then consider the different pathways for uptake, as well as the potential fates of the water once inside the leaf. Given that one fate of water from foliar uptake is to increase leaf water potentials and contribute to the demands of transpiration, we also provide a quantitative synthesis of observed rates of change in leaf water potential and total fluxes of water into the leaf. Finally, we identify critical research themes that should be addressed to effectively incorporate foliar water uptake into traditional frameworks of plant water movement.

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Section: Integrating Fwu Into Plant Water Budgetssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Physical and Biological Requirements Of Fwumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathways Of Water Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets

Berry

Emery

Gotsch

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

196

179

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Shoot dimorphism enables Sequoia sempervirens to separate requirements for foliar water uptake and photosynthesis

Chin

Guzmán‐Delgado

Sillett

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: Trees in wet forests often have features that prevent water films from covering stomata and inhibiting gas exchange, while many trees in drier environments use foliar water uptake to reduce water stress. In forests with both wet and dry seasons, evergreen trees would benefit from producing leaves capable of balancing rainy-season photosynthesis with summertime water absorption. Methods: Using samples collected from across the vertical gradient in tall redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) crowns, we estimated tree-level foliar water uptake and employed physics-based causative modeling to identify key functional traits that determine uptake potential by setting hydraulic resistance. Results: We showed that Sequoia has two functionally distinct shoot morphotypes. While most shoots specialize in photosynthesis, the axial shoot type is capable of much greater foliar water uptake, and its within-crown distribution varies with latitude. A suite of leaf surface traits cause hydraulic resistance, leading to variation in uptake capacity among samples. Conclusions: Shoot dimorphism gives tall Sequoia trees the capacity to absorb up to 48 kg H 2 O h −1 during the first hour of leaf wetting, ameliorating water stress while presumably maintaining high photosynthetic capacity year round. Geographic variation in shoot dimorphism suggests that plasticity in shoot-type distribution and leaf surface traits helps Sequoia maintain a dominate presence in both wet and dry forests.

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Foliar water uptake of fog confers ecophysiological benefits to four common tree species of southeastern freshwater forested wetlands

et al. 2020

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Fog, dew and cloud-borne mist are sources of water to vegetation in many ecosystems. The importance of fog as a water source has been documented well beyond ecosystems where plants experience fog for extensive periods over the course of the day (e.g. cloud forests); however, relatively little is known regarding the roles of fog and foliar water uptake in ecosystems such as coastal freshwater wetlands that do not experience fog for extensive periods over the course of the day. Coastal freshwater wetland ecosystems lie on the forefront of climate change-associated stressors that threaten freshwater supplies to vegetation. Considering the potential impact of climate warming on diminishing coastal fog regimes, an improved understanding of the ecophysiological benefits of fog immersion to the vegetation in these ecosystems is critical for understanding the response of these ecosystems to global climate change. Herein, we investigate the potential for foliar water deposition from fog to act as a direct freshwater subsidy to four tree species (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., Nyssa aquatica L., Nyssa biflora Walter and Liquidambar styraciflua L.) that are common in coastal freshwater wetlands. All four species showed the capacity for foliar water uptake across the leaf/needle surface, with a ca. 5-10% increase in leaf water content after a 3-h submersion experiment. Stable isotopes of water provided strong evidence for foliar water uptake in all four species and for bark water uptake in T. distichum after a 24-h fogging experiment. Fog exposure also resulted in several ecophysiological benefits to the saplings, including significant improvements in pre-dawn water status and net photosynthesis. K E Y W O R D S fog, foliar water uptake, leaf gas exchange, plant water status, stable isotopes, Taxodium distichum, wetlands 1 | INTRODUCTION Occult precipitation (e.g. fog, dew and cloud-borne mist; Rutter, 1975) is increasingly being recognized for its importance as a water source for plants across ecosystem types, despite rarely increasing soil moisture content (Berry, Emery, Gotsch, & Goldsmith, 2019). The mechanism for this is primarily through foliar water deposition, which is known to reduce transpiration and even be absorbed directly by the leaf (for a detailed review of this topic, please see Dawson & Goldsmith, 2018, and references therein). This recognition

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Direct uptake of canopy rainwater causes turgor-driven growth spurts in the mangrove Avicennia marina

Cited by 75 publications

References 68 publications

Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets

Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets

Shoot dimorphism enables Sequoia sempervirens to separate requirements for foliar water uptake and photosynthesis

Foliar water uptake of fog confers ecophysiological benefits to four common tree species of southeastern freshwater forested wetlands

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