Direct visualization of retinoic acid in the rat hypothalamus: An immunohistochemical study

Detection of pantothenic acid-immunoreactive neurons in the rat lateral septal nucleus by a newly developed antibody

“…Thick and smooth immunoreactive axons containing thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxal (vitamin B6) or folic acid (vitamin B9) have been observed in the mesencephalon, thalamus, anterior commissure and/or cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macaca fasci cularis) [1][2][3][4][5], whereas cell bodies containing pyridoxal or vitamin C have been respectively visualized in the www.fhc.viamedica.pl hypothalamus and in the somatosensorial cortex (precentral gyrus) of the same species [4,5]. Moreover, the distribution of immunoreactive structures containing vitamin C has been recently reported in the brainstem of children [8] and direct visualization of retinoic acid, in perikarya located in the rat hypothalamus, was also reported [6]. Most of vitamins studied using IHC techniques belong to the B series (B1, B2, B6 and B9) [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…Five male adult Wistar rats (300--350 g) were used. Rats were perfused via the ascending aorta with physiological saline and paraformaldehyde (4%) [1][2][3][4]6]. Brains were dissected out, post-fixed in the same fixative for 12-14 h and cryoprotected.…”

“…Brains were dissected out, post-fixed in the same fixative for 12-14 h and cryoprotected. Using a freezing microtome, 40-50 mm-thick sections were obtained, kept in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and processed for immunostaining as previously reported [1][2][3][4]6]. In brief, free-floating sections were treated with H 2 O 2 and methanol, pre-incubated in PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100 and 1% normal horse serum (mix solution) and then incubated overnight in the mix solution containing the PA antiserum (diluted 1:1,000) (denoted at Gemacbio, Saint Jean d'Illac, France, as AP090).…”

“…Most of vitamins studied using IHC techniques belong to the B series (B1, B2, B6 and B9) [1][2][3][4][5]. The studies reported above have shown that the distribution of vitamins in the mammalian brain is restricted or very restricted and this suggests that vitamins may be involved in some very specific unknown mechanisms different from their known metabolic roles reported to date [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In order to increase our knowledge on the neuroanatomical distribution of B vitamin series, we have studied for the first time by the IHC technique the distribution of immunoreactive structures containing pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) in the mammalian brain.…”

“…However, using immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques, the anatomical distribution of these substances in the mammalian brain is less known. Since 2004 and using highly specific antibodies, the distribution of axons and/or perikarya containing several vitamins has been reported in the mammalian brain [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Thick and smooth immunoreactive axons containing thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxal (vitamin B6) or folic acid (vitamin B9) have been observed in the mesencephalon, thalamus, anterior commissure and/or cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macaca fasci cularis) [1][2][3][4][5], whereas cell bodies containing pyridoxal or vitamin C have been respectively visualized in the www.fhc.viamedica.pl hypothalamus and in the somatosensorial cortex (precentral gyrus) of the same species [4,5].…”