Direct-Write Piezoelectric Polymeric Nanogenerator with High Energy Conversion Efficiency

Chang, Chi-Hsuan; Tran, Van-Huong; Wang, Junbo; Fuh, Yiin Kuen; Liu, Lin

doi:10.1021/nl9040719

Cited by 1,275 publications

(977 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…5,12 As the device is deformed under alternating compressive and tensile force (Figure 2c,d), the NF acts like a "capacitor" and "charge pump", which drives a flow of electrons back and forth through the external circuit. This charging and discharging process results in an a.c. power source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Nanogenerator for Concurrently Harvesting Biomechanical and Biochemical Energy

et al. 2010

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. † These authors contributed equally.T he ever increasing energy demand of modern society is perhaps among the greatest challenges humankind is and will continue to face. Research in energy includes but is not limited to the following major areas: mega-scale energy conversion, renewable and green energy, efficient energy transmission, energy storage, energy harvesting, and sustainable power source for micro-or nanosystems. In addition to large-scale energy harvesting from "renewable" sources, such as wind, hydro, and solar, there is also significant opportunity to harvest the wasted energy in our personal environments, such as from walking, typing, speaking, and breathing. If efficiently harvested to its full potential, many of the modern energy requirements needed for small devices and even personal electronics could be fulfilled. This is a new trend in the worldwide effort in developing technologies related to energy scavenging. 1Ϫ3 Energy harvested from the environment will likely be sufficient for powering nanodevices used for periodic operation, owing to their extremely low power consumption and small sizes. For example, an implantable device that wirelessly communicates the local glucose concentration for diabetes management, the local temperature for infection monitoring after surgery, or a pressure difference to indicate blockage of fluid flow in the central nervous system and blood clotting can all be foreseen as potential applications that need implantable energy sources. Powering such devices could be accomplished by concurrently harvesting energy from multiple sources within the human body, including mechanical and biochemical energy to augment or even replace batteries. However, powering implantable nanodevices for biosensing using energy scavenging/harvesting technology is rather challenging because the only available energy in vivo is mechanical, biochemical, and possibly electromagnetic energy, whereas thermal energy cannot be harvested due to lack of an adequate temperature gradient, and solar energy is not available for devices implanted inside the body.A recent breakthrough in harvesting mechanical energy by nanowire based nanogenerators (NG) has demonstrated an excellent route for harvesting the biomechanical energy created from tiny physical motion, such as the inhaling/exhaling of lungs or the beat of a heart. 4Ϫ8 In addition, approaches have been demonstrated for converting the biochemical energy of glucose/O 2 in biofluid using active enzymes as catalysts in a compartmentless biofuel cell (BFC). 9Ϫ11 In this paper, we demonstrate the first integrated operation of a hybrid nanogenerator composed of a nanogenerator and biofuel cell for simultaneously or independently harvesting mechanical and biochemical energy, with the aim of building

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Nanogenerator for Concurrently Harvesting Biomechanical and Biochemical Energy

et al. 2010

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“…Following this initial discovery, both direct current 5,6 and alternating current 7 ZnO nanogenerators have been developed. In addition, nanogenerators based on GaN nanowires 8 and poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibres 9 have shown promising potential for enhancing the nanogenerator performance. Consequently, a worldwide effort has been launched in this regard, forming a new research field in nanotechnology and energy science 10 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric-nanowire-enabled power source for driving wireless microelectronics

2010

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Harvesting energy from irregular/random mechanical actions in variable and uncontrollable environments is an effective approach for powering wireless mobile electronics to meet a wide range of applications in our daily life. Piezoelectric nanowires are robust and can be stimulated by tiny physical motions/disturbances over a range of frequencies. Here, we demonstrate the first chemical epitaxial growth of PbZr x Ti 1 − x o 3 (PZT) nanowire arrays at 230 °C and their application as high-output energy converters. The nanogenerators fabricated using a single array of PZT nanowires produce a peak output voltage of ~0.7 V, current density of 4 µA cm − 2 and an average power density of 2.8 mW cm − 3 . The alternating current output of the nanogenerator is rectified, and the harvested energy is stored and later used to light up a commercial laser diode. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using nanogenerators for powering mobile and even personal microelectronics.

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“…14,18À21 High polarity of the β phase as a result of all trans CÀC bonds makes PVDF a promising candidate for piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric applications. 7,14,18,19 Transitions between phases of PVDF are possible under specific nucleation and processing conditions ( Figure S1, Supporting Information (SI)). Irrespective of the initial phase, the amount of the β phase in PVDF thin films can be increased by adding inorganic additives or stretching more than 80% at 95°C following with an electrical poling.…”

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“…34 Although shaping the PVDF in the form of thin film can disclose elevated piezoelectric properties, PVDF nanowires lead to superior piezoelectricity, due to the one-dimensional nanoscale confinement. 7,14 Results of nanoconfinement effects such as spontaneous polarization can eliminate external electrical poling process for polar phase transition. 19,20,31 Beyond the controversy, nanowires have made great impacts on many disciplines including solar cells, biosensors and phase change memory devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spontaneous High Piezoelectricity in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanoribbons Produced by Iterative Thermal Size Reduction Technique

et al. 2014

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We produced kilometer-long, endlessly parallel, spontaneously piezoelectric and thermally stable poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) micro- and nanoribbons using iterative size reduction technique based on thermal fiber drawing. Because of high stress and temperature used in thermal drawing process, we obtained spontaneously polar γ phase PVDF micro- and nanoribbons without electrical poling process. On the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we observed that PVDF micro- and nanoribbons are thermally stable and conserve the polar γ phase even after being exposed to heat treatment above the melting point of PVDF. Phase transition mechanism is investigated and explained using ab initio calculations. We measured an average effective piezoelectric constant as -58.5 pm/V from a single PVDF nanoribbon using a piezo evaluation system along with an atomic force microscope. PVDF nanoribbons are promising structures for constructing devices such as highly efficient energy generators, large area pressure sensors, artificial muscle and skin, due to the unique geometry and extended lengths, high polar phase content, high thermal stability and high piezoelectric coefficient. We demonstrated two proof of principle devices for energy harvesting and sensing applications with a 60 V open circuit peak voltage and 10 μA peak short-circuit current output. (Figure Presented). © 2014 American Chemical Society

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Direct-Write Piezoelectric Polymeric Nanogenerator with High Energy Conversion Efficiency

Cited by 1,275 publications

References 30 publications

Hybrid Nanogenerator for Concurrently Harvesting Biomechanical and Biochemical Energy

Hybrid Nanogenerator for Concurrently Harvesting Biomechanical and Biochemical Energy

Piezoelectric-nanowire-enabled power source for driving wireless microelectronics

Spontaneous High Piezoelectricity in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanoribbons Produced by Iterative Thermal Size Reduction Technique

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