Direct Z-scheme photocatalysts: Principles, synthesis, and applications

Xu, Quanlong; Zhang, Liuyang; Yu, Jiaguo; Wageh, S.; Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed A.; Jaroniec, Mietek

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2018.04.008

Cited by 1,314 publications

(704 citation statements)

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“…Construction of composite photocatalysts is a universally employed approach in realizing high photocatalytic activity because of a wide selection of compounds . Hitherto, the common g–C 3 N 4 ‐based composites investigated by DFT calculation comprise g–C 3 N 4 /metal oxide, g–C 3 N 4 /metal chalcogenide, g–C 3 N 4 /Bi‐based compounds, and g–C 3 N 4 /Zn‐based compounds.…”

Section: Modifications Of S‐triazine‐based G–c3n4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on DFT calculation of s‐triazine‐based carbon nitride

et al. 2019

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To improve the photocatalytic performance of pristine photocatalysts, element doping, construction of composites and fabrication of novel nanostructures are recognized as universal modification methods. These methods have been experimentally verified to be effective in manifold photocatalytic application over various photocatalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation is a powerful and fundamental tool to pinpoint the intrinsic mechanism of the enhanced photocatalytic activity. And it holds the degree of precision ranging from atoms, molecules to unit cells. Herein, recent DFT calculation research progress of modified s-triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) systems as photocatalysts is summarized. To specify, we collected information of doping site, formation energy, geometric, and electronic properties. We also discussed the synergistic effect of work function, Fermi level and band edge position on the built-in electric field, transfer route of photogenerated charge carriers and photocatalytic mechanism (traditional type Ⅱ or direct Z-scheme heterostructure). Moreover, we analyzed the geometric configuration, band structure, and stability of g-C 3 N 4 nanocluster, nanoribbon, and nanotube. Finally, future perspective in the further theoretical revelation of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts is proposed.

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Section: Modifications Of S‐triazine‐based G–c3n4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on DFT calculation of s‐triazine‐based carbon nitride

et al. 2019

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“…As a result, the Z‐scheme photocatalyst has strong redox potential and spatially separated active sites. Some Z‐scheme catalysts make use of a charge carrier mediator such as Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ , IO 3− /I − or an electron conductor such as Au or Ag, that is used to facilitate charge carrier transfer between the semiconductors …”

Section: Influence Of System Units On Photocatalytic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Rivero

Rangel

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

172

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Hydrogen represents a renewable energy alternative that may positively contribute to get over the global energy crisis while at the same time reducing its environmental burden. Overcoming the challenge of reaching this potential could be helped by careful choice of hydrogen (H2) sources. Photocatalytic generation of H2, although a minor alternative, appears to be a very good option at the time that liquid wastes are being degraded; therefore, this approach has given rise to an increasing number of interesting studies. Here, we aim to provide an integrated overview of the different photocatalytic, heterogeneous, homogeneous and hybrid systems. First, we categorize the units and mechanisms that take part in the photocatalytic process, and secondly we analyze their role and draw comparative conclusions. Thus, we analyze the role of (i) the electron source to carry out proton reduction, (ii) the proton source, which can be free protons in the medium or a proton donor compound, (iii) the catalyst nature and concentration, and (iv) the photosensitizer nature and concentration. We also provide an analysis of the influence of the solvent, especially in homogenous systems as well as the influence of pH. We provide a comparison of the photocatalytic performance, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages, of different systems. Thus, this review is, on the one hand, an update on the state of the art of photocatalytic generation of H2 from a full perspective that integrates homogeneous, heterogeneous and hybrid systems, and, on the other, a source of useful information for future research. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Since ZnO and TiO 2 have similar bandgaps and optical characteristics (CB and VB), SiO 2 /TiO 2 and SiO 2 /TiO 2 /Pt spherical Janus microparticles of a size similar to the abovementioned micromotors were prepared to examine solely the optical properties of TiO 2 and its interface with Pt (Figure S3, Supporting Information). The as‐deposited amorphous TiO 2 on SiO 2 microparticles has smooth and continuous surfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new interlayers of amorphous TiO 2 with lower CB energy levels than CB energy levels of ZnO could reduce the height of the Schottky barrier and increase the transfer of the excited electrons from ZnO photocatalyst to the Pt co‐catalyst. Besides, the ZnO and TiO 2 interface provides a type II heterojunction, which may produce more excited electrons and effective charge separation/transfer (Figure e) . The TiO 2 photocatalyst produces excited electrons and holes in its CB and VB under UV exposure similarly to ZnO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TiO 2 photocatalyst produces excited electrons and holes in its CB and VB under UV exposure similarly to ZnO. Since the energy levels of the CB and VB of both ZnO and amorphous TiO 2 are matched for type II heterojunctions, the electron and hole transfer are desirable between the conduction and valence bands of these photocatalysts . It should be noted that the charge separation/transfer is not favorable for the ZnO/TiO 2 (crystalline)/Pt systems due to the higher energy level of the CB in crystalline TiO 2 in comparison with ZnO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light‐Driven Sandwich ZnO/TiO₂/Pt Janus Micromotors: Schottky Barrier Suppression by Addition of TiO₂ Atomic Interface Layers into ZnO/Pt Micromachines Leading to Enhanced Fuel‐Free Propulsion

et al. 2019

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Conventional binary light‐driven micromotors, based on semiconducting photocatalysts and metal junctions, have mostly shown limited speed and charge separation/transport due to their not well‐designed interfaces. Here ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors with atomically smooth interfaces are introduced, which show fast light‐driven and fuel‐free propulsion (15 body‐length s−1). Furthermore, the speed of ZnO/Pt micromotors is increased by ≈60% with a few atomic amorphous TiO2 photocatalyst interlayers. The new photocatalysts' interfaces, i.e., ZnO/TiO2, provide type II heterojunctions, leading to an increase in the number of electron/hole pairs and then improving the electron transfer to Pt metal. This effective charge separation/transfer results in a faster electrophoretic motion of the novel ternary ZnO/TiO2/Pt micromotors. The concept of the type II heterojunction, which is well known in photocatalysis communities, is used in light‐driven micromotors as a new approach and paves the way for the next‐generation of faster fuel‐free “green” micromotors.

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Direct Z-scheme photocatalysts: Principles, synthesis, and applications

Cited by 1,314 publications

References 206 publications

Review on DFT calculation of s‐triazine‐based carbon nitride

Review on DFT calculation of s‐triazine‐based carbon nitride

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

Light‐Driven Sandwich ZnO/TiO₂/Pt Janus Micromotors: Schottky Barrier Suppression by Addition of TiO₂ Atomic Interface Layers into ZnO/Pt Micromachines Leading to Enhanced Fuel‐Free Propulsion

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Direct Z-scheme photocatalysts: Principles, synthesis, and applications

Cited by 1,314 publications

References 206 publications

Review on DFT calculation of s‐triazine‐based carbon nitride

Review on DFT calculation of s‐triazine‐based carbon nitride

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

Light‐Driven Sandwich ZnO/TiO2/Pt Janus Micromotors: Schottky Barrier Suppression by Addition of TiO2 Atomic Interface Layers into ZnO/Pt Micromachines Leading to Enhanced Fuel‐Free Propulsion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Light‐Driven Sandwich ZnO/TiO₂/Pt Janus Micromotors: Schottky Barrier Suppression by Addition of TiO₂ Atomic Interface Layers into ZnO/Pt Micromachines Leading to Enhanced Fuel‐Free Propulsion