Directed Energy Deposition of PA12 carbon nanotube composite powder using a fiber laser

Feasibility of Manufacturing Dielectric Image Lines by Using Laser-Based Directed Energy Deposition of Polymers

“…In addition to the consolidation of functional coatings, building up 3D parts by DED-LB/P was demonstrated in previous studies [14]- [16]. The fabricated polyamide 12 (PA12) [14], [15] and TPU [16] structures indicate a high level of roughness and poor mechanical properties, which are attributed to partially molten particles and a high porosity. Furthermore, an important point to note is that common near-infrared (NIR) laser beam sources in the wavelength range between 0.9 µm and 1.1 µm were used in the aforementioned studies about DED-LB/P.…”

“…In particular, the admixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and molyb-denum disulfide powders to the feedstock was a purposeful approach [12], [13]. In addition to the consolidation of functional coatings, building up 3D parts by DED-LB/P was demonstrated in previous studies [14]- [16]. The fabricated polyamide 12 (PA12) [14], [15] and TPU [16] structures indicate a high level of roughness and poor mechanical properties, which are attributed to partially molten particles and a high porosity.…”

“…Furthermore, an important point to note is that common near-infrared (NIR) laser beam sources in the wavelength range between 0.9 µm and 1.1 µm were used in the aforementioned studies about DED-LB/P. As polymers exhibit a high transparency in this wavelength range, the thermoplastic feedstocks were modified with additives (carbon black [12], [16], multi-walled carbon nanotubes [14], [15]) to ensure a sufficient laser absorption. However, the addition of these additives affects the transmission properties of DILs, which inhibits the use in millimeter wave applications.…”

3D printing of carbon-based materials: A review

“…Recently, Kutlu et al [66] presented a directed energy deposition (DED) approach to form PA/CNTs composites (Figure 11a). Details on the DED technique are available in the Supplementary Information.…”

Non-isothermal crystallization behaviour of polyamide 12 analogous to multi-jet fusion additive manufacturing process

“…Additive manufacturing has drawn much attention given the advantage of material wastage reduction, less energy consumption and better mass production with simple training required. The manufacturing process are categorized into several methods such as powder bed fusion (PBF) [1][2][3], binder jetting [4,5], directed energy deposition (DED) [6,7], etc. PBF has been one of the techniques that has been widely discussed for past decade with great advancement towards processes such as selective laser melting (SLM) [8] and selective laser sintering (SLS) [9].…”