Directed Forgetting in Older Adults Using the Item and List Methods

Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes

“…Indeed, a decrease in the directed forgetting effects associated with normal aging was previously observed in working memory and episodic memory tasks when the item method was used (Andrès et al, 2004;Earles & Kersten, 2002;Gamboz & Russo, 2002;Hogge et al, 1998;Sego et al, 2006;Zacks et al, 1996, experiment 1). We have also observed a similar pattern of impaired performance on the Hayling task to that reported by Andrès and Van der Linden (2000) concerning response times on part B and the semantic relatedness score.…”

“…In these tasks, information that subjects have to process are first presented and next followed by a cue indicating if the information must (or not) be kept in memory for later recall or recognition. Thus, greater directed forgetting effects were reported in elderly than young subjects with working memory (Andrès, Van der Linden, & Parmentier, 2004) and episodic memory tasks when the item method (in which the "remember" or "forget" cue directly follows the presentation of each item) of the directed forgetting paradigm was used (Earles & Kersten, 2002;Gamboz & Russo, 2002;Hogge, Adam, & Collette, 2008;Sego, Golding, & Gottlob, 2006;, experiment 1) but not when the list method (in which the cue is presented after the whole list of items) was used (Sego et al, 2006;Zellner & Bäuml, 2006;see, however, Zacks et al, 1996, experiment 2). Otherwise, studies that measured inhibitory effects in memory using the fan effect (e.g., Anderson, 1974) demonstrated that the retrieval of previously learned memories in older adults is slowed by the enrichment of target information with irrelevant associations .…”

“…Moreover, studies exploring inhibitory functioning in elderly subjects using verbal memory tasks do not systematically report impaired performance (i.e., Aslan et al, 2007;Sego et al, 2006; for examples of impaired performance see however Andrès et al, 2004;Radvansky et al, 1996Radvansky et al, , 2005.…”

Les modifications du fonctionnement exécutif dans le vieillissement normal

“…Par ailleurs, les capacités d'inhibition motrice subissent également les effets du vieillissement, que ce soit avec la procédure du Stop-signal (A.F. Kramer, Humphrey, Larish, Logan, & Strayer, 1994;May & Hasher, 1998), du Go/No-go (Nielson, Langenecker, & Garavan, 2002), d'anti-saccades (Butler, Zacks, & Henderson, 1999), ou encore avec des tâches de résolution de conflit moteur (Jennings, Mendelson, Redfern, & Nebes, 2011 (Sego, Goldbing, & Gottlob, 2006).…”

What forgetting tells us about remembering: The influence of top–down control on hemispheric asymmetries in verbal memory

“…The Delayed Cue condition was expected to yield a different pattern of results. Several studies have found that delayed cues decrease the magnitude of the directed forgetting effect due to increased accuracy for Forget items (e.g., Dulaney, Marks, & Link, 2004;Sego, Golding, & Gottlob, 2006;Wetzel & Hunt, 1977). When the cue is presented after the target, active maintenance for Remember and Forget words should be almost equivalent and both types of words will be encoded deeply into memory.…”