Directed Rotational Motion of Microscale Objects Using Interfacial Tension Gradients Continually Generated via Catalytic Reactions

Catchmark, Jeffrey M.; Subramanian, Shyamala; Sen, Ayusman

doi:10.1002/smll.200400061

Cited by 132 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Paxton et al (2004) observed systematic particle motion in the direction pointing from the golden end to the platinum end, at velocities of up to 10 body lengths per second. Auto-rotation of similar synthetic structures was observed by other groups (Catchmark et al 2005;Fournier-Bidoz et al 2005). A different particle geometry was considered by Howse et al (2007); these authors employed micronsize polystyrene spheres whose half-side was coated with platinum in order to verify the theoretical model of Golestanian et al (2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Electrokinetic self-propulsion by inhomogeneous surface kinetics

Yariv

2010

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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Electrokinetic self-propulsion was conceptually proven in recent experiments wherein bimetallic nano-rods were observed to migrate when placed in aqueous solutions. We present here a systematic theoretical model of the self-propulsion mechanism, analysing the steady-state transport occurring about an autonomously moving inhomogeneous particle. The non-uniform catalysis on the particle surface is modelled via positiondependent cation redox coefficients. The particle shape is axisymmetric but otherwise arbitrary, as are the distributions of the (possibly discontinuous) kinetic coefficients along its boundary. We formulate the mathematical problem governing this electrokinetic transport. In the thin-Debye-layer limit, the microscale description is transformed into a macroscale one, applying in the electro-neutral bulk. Effective boundary conditions represent asymptotic matching with the Debye-layer fields. A linearized model is derived for weak variation of the kinetic coefficients and is solved for a spherical-particle geometry. With a view towards understanding existing experiments, the macroscale model is used for analysing slender particles. Matched asymptotic expansions provide the particle velocity as a functional of its shape and kinetic-coefficient distributions. The predicted self-propulsion is in the direction observed in nanorod experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Electrokinetic self-propulsion by inhomogeneous surface kinetics

Yariv

2010

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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“…This then begs the question whether or not such forces can be generated on a nano-object with a chemically powered motor. The optical microscopy visualization of the nanobub- ble-driven nanorod nanomotors mentioned above provides direct evidence that they work, [23,24,26,27] so either the inertial forces generated on the nanorod from the nanobubbles (e.g., surface-tension gradient, propulsion, implosion) are sufficient to overwhelm the opposing viscous forces, or there is something else at work that has yet to be recognized. Possibly, nanorod movement occurs partly or completely at the interface between air and water, where viscous drag will be reduced.…”

Section: Nano Locomotion-a Few Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[27] An important extension of the nanorod and microgear work makes use of a binuclear manganese cluster (a mimic of the binuclear manganese catalase enzyme) chemically anchored to the surface of a silica microsphere that, in the presence of aqueous hydrogen peroxide, causes catalytic formation of oxygen nanobubbles that send the sphere into motion. [28] The significance of this work is that it represents an example of a molecular-based system in which autonomous movement of micrometer-scale spheres has been powered by catalytic conversion of chemical to mechanical energy.…”

Section: Man-made Nanochemomechanical Systems (Ncms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dream Nanomachines

Ozin¹,

Manners²,

et al. 2005

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Locomotion on the nanoscale through a fluid environment is one of the grand challenges confronting nanoscience today. The vision is to synthesize, probe, understand, and utilize a new class of motors made from nanoscale building blocks that derive on‐board or off‐board power from in‐situ chemical reactions. The generated mechanical work allows these motors to move through a fluid phase while simultaneously or sequentially performing a task or series of tasks. Such tiny machines, individually or assembled into designed architectures, might someday transport medicine in the human body, conduct operations in cells, move cargo around microfluidic chips, manage light beams, agitate liquids close to electrode surfaces, and search for and destroy toxic organic molecules in polluted water streams. Are these just “nanomachine dreams”, or “dream nanomachines”? Some very recent exciting developments suggest that a world of amazing chemically powered nanomachines will be the way the story unfolds in the not‐too‐distant future!

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“…[34] Ozin, Manners, and coworkers also reported a similar phenomenon using nickelgold nanorods, emphasizing the rotational motion imparted to the "nanorotors" induced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. [35] Rotors of another kind were fabricated lithographically by Catchmark et al [36] Gold sprockets with a diameter of approximately 150 mm were decorated with platinum on one side of each tooth (Figure 7) to impart catalytic asymmetry to the structure and resulted in rotary motion. The linear speed at the circumference of the rotors was 390 mm s À1 .…”

Section: Interfacial Tension Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Locomotion

et al. 2006

Self Cite

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Research into the autonomous motion of artificial nano- and microscale objects provides basic principles to explore possible applications, such as self-assembly of superstructures, roving sensors, and drug delivery. Although the systems described have unique propulsion mechanisms, motility in each case is made possible by the conversion of locally available chemical energy into mechanical energy. The use of catalysts onboard can afford nondissipative systems that are capable of directed motion. Key to the design of nano- and micromotors is the asymmetric placement of the catalyst: its placement in an environment containing a suitable substrate translates into non-uniform consumption of the substrate and distribution of reaction products, which results in the motility of the object. These same principles are exploited in nature to effect autonomous motion.

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Directed Rotational Motion of Microscale Objects Using Interfacial Tension Gradients Continually Generated via Catalytic Reactions

Cited by 132 publications

References 12 publications

Electrokinetic self-propulsion by inhomogeneous surface kinetics

Electrokinetic self-propulsion by inhomogeneous surface kinetics

Dream Nanomachines

Chemical Locomotion

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