Direction identification in radio images of cosmic-ray air showers detected with LOPES and KASCADE

Nigl, A.; Apel, W. D.; Arteaga, J.C.; Asch, T.; Auffenberg, J.; Badea, F.; Bähren, L.; Bekk, K.; Bertaina, M.; Biermann, P. L.; Blümer, J.; Bozdog, H.; Brancus, I. M.; Brüggemann, M.; Buchholz, P.; Buitink, S.; Butcher, H. R.; Cantoni, E.; Чиавасса, А.; Cossavella, F.; Daumiller, K.; Souza, V. de; Pierro, F. Di; Döll, P.; Engel, R.; Falcke, H.; Gemmeke, H.; Ghia, P. L.; Glasstetter, R.; Grupen, C.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Hörandel, J. R.; Horneffer, A.; Huege, T.; Isar, P. G.; Kampert, K.‐H.; Kickelbick, D.; Kolotaev, Y.; Krömer, O.; Kuijpers, J.; Lafèbre, S.; Łuczak, P.; Manewald, M.; Mayer, H.J.; Meurer, C.; Mitrica, B.; Morello, C.; Navarra, G.; Nehls, S.; Oehlschläger, J.; Ostapchenko, S.; Over, S.; Pierog, T.; Rautenberg, J.; Rebel, H.; Roth, M.; Sǎftoiu, A.; Schieler, H.; Schmidt, A.; Schröder, Frank G.; Sima, O.; Singh, K.; Stümpert, M.; Toma, G.; Trinchero, G.; Ulrich, H.; Buren, J. van; Walkowiak, W.; Weindl, A.; Wochele, J.; Zabierowski, J.; Zensus, J. A.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079218

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Most physics results have been obtained with this LOPES-30 setup operated until 2009, which provided statistics of about 500 high-quality events [211,212]. In particular, LOPES achieved an angular resolution of better than 0.7 • for air showers [213,201], an energy precision and accuracy of at least 20 % [194,214], and experimentally demonstrated the sensitivity of the radio signal to the longitudinal shower development [198]. However, due to the high measurement uncertainties of LOPES, the achieved X max precision was not competitive to other experiments [201,194].…”

Section: Lopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers and high-energy neutrinos

Schröder

2017

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

175

129

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In the last fifteen years radio detection made it back to the list of promising techniques for extensive air showers, firstly, due to the installation and successful operation of digital radio experiments and, secondly, due to the quantitative understanding of the radio emission from atmospheric particle cascades. The radio technique has an energy threshold of about 100 PeV, which coincides with the energy at which a transition from the highest-energy galactic sources to the even more energetic extragalactic cosmic rays is assumed. Thus, radio detectors are particularly useful to study the highest-energy galactic particles and ultra-high-energy extragalactic particles of all types. Recent measurements by various antenna arrays like LOPES, CODALEMA, AERA, LOFAR, Tunka-Rex, and others have shown that radio measurements can compete in precision with other established techniques, in particular for the arrival direction, the energy, and the position of the shower maximum, which is one of the best estimators for the composition of the primary cosmic rays. The scientific potential of the radio technique seems to be maximum in combination with particle detectors, because this combination of complementary detectors can significantly increase the total accuracy for air-shower measurements. This increase in accuracy is crucial for a better separation of different primary particles, like gamma-ray photons, neutrinos, or different types of nuclei, because showers initiated by these particles differ in average depth of the shower maximum and in the ratio between the amplitude of the radio signal and the number of muons. In addition to air-shower measurements, the radio technique can be used to measure particle cascades in dense media, which is a promising technique for detection of ultra-high-energy neutrinos. Several pioneering experiments like ARA, ARIANNA, and ANITA are currently searching for the radio emission by neutrino-induced particle cascades in ice. In the next years these two sub-fields of radio detection of cascades in air and in dense media will likely merge, because several future projects aim at the simultaneous detection of both, high-energy cosmic-rays and neutrinos. SKA will search for neutrino and cosmic-ray initiated cascades in the lunar regolith and simultaneously provide unprecedented detail for air-shower measurements. Moreover, detectors with huge exposure like GRAND, SWORD or EVA are being considered to study the highest energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. This review provides an introduction to the physics of radio emission by particle cascades, an overview on the various experiments and their instrumental properties, and a summary of methods for reconstructing the most important air-shower properties from radio measurements. Finally, potential applications of the radio technique in high-energy astroparticle physics are discussed.

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Section: Lopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers and high-energy neutrinos

Schröder

2017

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

175

129

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“…Using LOPES data recorded during various weather types it was shown that this amplification of the radio pulse only occurs during thunderstorm conditions [11]. In another study it was shown that the arrival direction reconstructed with radio data and particle detector data can differ by a few degrees during thunderstorms [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simulation of radio emission from air showers in atmospheric electric fields

Buitink

Huege

Falcke

et al. 2010

Astroparticle Physics

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We study the effect of atmospheric electric fields on the radio pulse emitted by cosmic ray air showers. Under fair weather conditions the dominant part of the radio emission is driven by the geomagnetic field. When the shower charges are accelerated and deflected in an electric field additional radiation is emitted. We simulate this effect with the Monte Carlo code REAS2, using CORSIKA-simulated showers as input. In both codes a routine has been implemented that treats the effect of the electric field on the shower particles. We find that the radio pulse is significantly altered in background fields of the order of ∼ 100 V/cm and higher. Practically, this means that air showers passing through thunderstorms emit radio pulses that are not a reliable measure for the shower energy. Under other weather circumstances significant electric field effects are expected to occur rarely, but nimbostratus clouds can harbor fields that are large enough. In general, the contribution of the electric field to the radio pulse has polarization properties that are different from the geomagnetic pulse. In order to filter out radio pulses that have been affected by electric field effects, radio air shower experiments should keep weather information and perform full polarization measurements of the radio signal.

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“…Assuming a point source would result in a spherical wavefront shape, which is used for analysis of LOPES data [11]. It is argued in [12] that the actual shape of the wavefront is not spherical, but rather conical, as the emission is not point-like but stretched along the shower axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shape of the radio wavefront of extensive air showers as measured with LOFAR

Corstanje

Schellart

Nelles

et al. 2015

Astroparticle Physics

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Extensive air showers, induced by high energy cosmic rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere, produce radio emission that is measured with the LOFAR radio telescope. As the emission comes from a finite distance of a few kilometers, the incident wavefront is non-planar. A spherical, conical or hyperbolic shape of the wavefront has been proposed, but measurements of individual air showers have been inconclusive so far. For a selected high-quality sample of 161 measured extensive air showers, we have reconstructed the wavefront by measuring pulse arrival times to sub-nanosecond precision in 200 to 350 individual antennas. For each measured air shower, we have fitted a conical, spherical, and hyperboloid shape to the arrival times. The fit quality and a likelihood analysis show that a hyperboloid is the best parametrization. Using a non-planar wavefront shape gives an improved angular resolution, when reconstructing the shower arrival direction. Furthermore, a dependence of the wavefront shape on the shower geometry can be seen. This suggests that it will be possible to use a wavefront shape analysis to get an additional handle on the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, which is sensitive to the mass of the primary particle.

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Direction identification in radio images of cosmic-ray air showers detected with LOPES and KASCADE

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers and high-energy neutrinos

Radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers and high-energy neutrinos

Simulation of radio emission from air showers in atmospheric electric fields

The shape of the radio wavefront of extensive air showers as measured with LOFAR

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