Direction of predator approach and the decision to flee to a refuge

Kramer, Donald L.; Bonenfant, Marjolaine

doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0360

Cited by 126 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the case of the lizard Holbrookia propinqua similar results were observed, with the predator being situated between the refuge and the lizard (Cooper, 1999a). In contrast, when the refuge is between the predator and prey, the FID increases with distance and angle to refuge; as shown both in the skink Eumeces laticeps (Cooper, 1997a) and the marmot Marmota monax (Kramer & Bonenfant, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Escape strategy of Schreiber’s green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi) is determined by environment but not season or sex

Kopena

Herczeg

López

et al. 2015

Behav

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Antipredator escape behaviour shows great variation with well-established sources of variation being the physical environment and the ecological context. However, the relative roles of these sources are rarely assessed together. We measured the distance that Schreiber's green lizards, Lacerta schreiberi allowed a simulated predator to approach before fleeing (flight initiation distance; FID) to know which are the main determinants of escape decisions. The environment had direct effects on the lizards' escape strategy; FID showed strong positive relationship with distance to refuge on grassy, but not on rocky substrates. Furthermore, refuge distance and the escape angle had a complex, substrateindependent, interaction effect: either short refuge distances or large escape angles resulted in short FIDs. In contrast, neither season (reproductive vs. nonreproductive), nor sex affected FID. We suggest that the escape strategy of this lizard is determined mainly by the environmental settings, irrespective of the ecological context or sexual roles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Kopena et al / 3 The FID increases with distance and angle to refuge in broad-headed skinks, Eumeces laticeps (Cooper, 1997a) and in eastern woodchucks, Marmota monax (Kramer & Bonenfant, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escape strategy of Schreiber’s green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi) is determined by environment but not season or sex

Kopena

Herczeg

López

et al. 2015

Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Optimal escape theory (Kramer and Bonenfant, 1997;Ydenberg and Dill, 1986) predicts that the prey should measure the distance between the predator and its burrow in order to decide when to run home. For an animal that has a large response distance relative to its own distance from the refuge, as is the case for N. granulata, simply measuring their own distance to the predator might be an acceptable and easier alternative.…”

Section: Response Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the escape response of a grapsid crab in the field and in the laboratory

Hemmi

Tomsic

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Escape behaviours of prey animals are frequently used to study the neural control of behaviour. Escape responses are robust and fast, and can be reliably evoked under both field and laboratory conditions. Many escape responses are not as simple as previously suggested, however, and are often modulated by a range of contextual factors. To date it has been unclear to what extent behaviours studied in controlled laboratory experiments are actually representative of the behaviours that occur under more natural conditions. Here, we have used the model species Neohelice granulata, a grapsid crab, to show that there are significant differences between the crabs' escape responses in the field compared with those previously documented in laboratory experiments. These differences are consistent with contextual adjustments such as the availability of a refuge and have clear consequences for understanding the crabs' neural control of behaviour. Furthermore, the methodology used in this study mirrors the methodology previously used in fiddler crab research, allowing us to show that the previously documented differences in escape responses between these grapsid species are real and substantial. Neohelice granulata's responses are delayed and more controlled. Overall, the results highlight the adaptability and flexibility of escape behaviours and provide further evidence that the neural control of behaviour needs to be addressed in both the laboratory and field context.

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“…The directness with which a predator approaches can be interpreted by the prey as the intent of the predator (Kramer and Bonenfant, 1997). Direct approaches are associated with higher risk in both marmots and black iguanas (Burger and Gochfeld, 1990;Bonenfant and Kramer, 1995).…”

Section: Did Characteristics Of the Hiker Influence Pikas' Responses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

American Pikas' (Ochotona princeps) Foraging Response to Hikers and Sensitivity to Heat in an Alpine Environment

Stafl

O’Connor

2015

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Direction of predator approach and the decision to flee to a refuge

Cited by 126 publications

References 18 publications

Escape strategy of Schreiber’s green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi) is determined by environment but not season or sex

Escape strategy of Schreiber’s green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi) is determined by environment but not season or sex

Differences in the escape response of a grapsid crab in the field and in the laboratory

American Pikas' (Ochotona princeps) Foraging Response to Hikers and Sensitivity to Heat in an Alpine Environment

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