Direction of transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus 1 in the primate motor system is strain-dependent.

Zemanick, Mark C.; Strick, Peter L.; Dix, Richard D.

doi:10.1073/pnas.88.18.8048

Cited by 196 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, in the present study using H129, we found infection in the ipsilateral DRG beginning at 48 h postinjection, as well as in the ipsilateral T13 sympathetic ganglion. H129 is most useful because of its strictly anterograde travel through neural circuits (6,43,50). The labeling of T13 postganglionic SNS cells may have occurred because they also are first-order neurons, and H129 initially infects all first-order neurons, as was shown with stomach injections of H129 (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The labeling of T13 postganglionic SNS cells may have occurred because they also are first-order neurons, and H129 initially infects all first-order neurons, as was shown with stomach injections of H129 (33). Further progression into the CNS via the WAT SNS circuits would require retrograde spread of the virus across synapses, which the H129 is not capable of doing (17,33,50). In addition, the labeling of the Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, we used the H129 strain of the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a transneuronal viral tracer that spreads anterogradely (6,17,33,43,50), in contrast to the retrograde of PRV, to trace the multi-synaptic ascending afferent circuit from inguinal WAT (IWAT) or epididymal WAT (EWAT) through the CNS of Siberian hamsters. Immunohistochemical detection of H129 has been previously used in this manner to successfully identify CNS regions that receive viscerosensory inputs from the rat stomach wall (33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue

Song¹,

Schwartz²,

Bartness³

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

120

131

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Song CK, Schwartz GJ, Bartness TJ. Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296: R501-R511, 2009. First published December 24, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90786.2008The origins of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) have been defined using the transneuronal viral retrograde tract tracer, pseudorabies virus. Activation of this SNS innervation is acknowledged as the principal initiator of WAT lipolysis. The central control of WAT lipolysis may require neural feedback to a brain-SNS-WAT circuit via WAT afferents. Indeed, conventional tract tracing studies have demonstrated that peripheral pseudounipolar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory cells innervate WAT. The central nervous system projections of WAT afferents remain uncharted, however, and form the focus of the present study. We used the H129 strain of the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), an anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracer, to define the afferent circuits projecting from WAT to the central nervous system. Siberian hamster inguinal (IWAT) or epididymal WAT was injected with H129 and the neuraxis processed for HSV-1 immunoreactivity. We found substantial overlap in the pattern of WAT sensory afferent projections with multiple SNS outflow sites along the neuraxis, suggesting the possibility of WAT sensory-SNS circuits that could regulate WAT SNS drive and thereby lipolysis. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) elicited increases in the SNS drive to IWAT. Here, we show that systemic 2DG administration also significantly increases multiunit spike activity arising from decentralized IWAT afferents. Collectively, these data provide structural and functional support for the existence of a sensory WAT pathway to the brain, important in the negative feedback control of lipid mobilization.2-deoxy-D-glucose; lipolysis; sympathetic nervous system; electrophysiology FEEDBACK FROM LIPID STORES to the central nervous system (CNS) has been suggested to contribute to the relative stability of total body fat in some individuals, but not in others (for a review, see Ref. 1). Historically, the idea of a lipid feedback signal became prominent with Kennedy's "lipostatic theory" (24), and this notion apparently was affirmed with the discovery of leptin, the largely adipocyte-derived cytokine thought by some to reflect total body fat stores (for a review, see Ref. 21). As with any feedback system, one controlling lipid stores would require not only afferent signals from white adipose tissue (WAT), but also effectors to increase or decrease the lipid stores appropriately. As with any feedback system, one controlling lipid stores would require not only afferent signals from WAT, but also effectors to increase or decrease the lipid stores appropriately. Whether such a system exists or needs to exist for total body fat to be stable is debatable (46). Efferent neural control of WAT is well recognized. We and...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue

Song¹,

Schwartz²,

Bartness³

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

120

131

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“…Thus, the cerebellar activity may reflect the brisk termination of the fingertip force increase, which is triggered by tactile afferents in the fingertips and occurs ϳ100 ms after the premature liftoff (Westling and Johansson, 1987). The cerebellum has inhibitory outputs to several different cortical and subcortical regions, including thalamocortical projections to the primary motor cortex (Zemanick et al, 1991;Kelly and Strick, 2003), that could mediate the seen motor response. The thalamocortical projections to the motor cortex receive input from lobule VI of the cerebellum (Kelly and Strick, 2003), which is the same region where the peak of the activity was located in the present study (i.e., lobule VI at the border zone between the medial and lateral cerebellum; x ϭ ϩ15).…”

Section: Corrective Responses and Their Neural Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lighter or Heavier Than Predicted: Neural Correlates of Corrective Mechanisms during Erroneously Programmed Lifts

Jenmalm¹,

Schmitz²,

Forssberg³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

103

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A central concept in neuroscience is that the CNS signals the sensory discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences of action. It has been proposed that the cerebellum and parietal cortex are involved in this process. A discrepancy will trigger preprogrammed corrective responses and update the engaged sensorimotor memories. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging with an event-related design to investigate the neuronal correlates of such discrepancies. Healthy adults repeatedly lifted an object between their right index fingers and thumbs, and on some lifting trials, the weight of the object was unpredictably changed between light (230 g) and heavy (830 g). Regardless of whether the weight was heavier or lighter than predicted, activity was found in the right inferior parietal cortex (supramarginal gyrus). This suggests that this region is involved in the comparison of the predicted and actual sensory input and the updating of the sensorimotor memories. When the object was lighter or heavier than predicted, two different types of preprogrammed force corrections occurred. There was a slow force increase when the weight of the object was heavier than predicted. This corrective response was associated with activity in the left primary motor and somatosensory cortices. The fast termination of the excessive force when the object was lighter than predicted activated the right cerebellum. These findings show how the parietal cortex, cerebellum, and motor cortex are involved in the signaling of the discrepancy between predicated and actual sensory feedback and the associated corrective mechanisms.

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“…The H129 strain of herpes simplex virus-1 (Dix et al, 1983) undergoes anterograde transneuronal transport in cebus monkeys after inoculation of primary motor cortex (Zemanick et al, 1991;Kelly and Strick, 2003) and in mice after inoculation of tooth pulp (Barnett et al, 1995) or the vitreous body of the eye (Sun et al, 1996). The present report documents our new finding that strain H129 also has utility as an anterograde transneuronal viral tracer in rats, effectively revealing CNS neurons that receive direct and relayed viscerosensory input from the stomach wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterograde Transneuronal Viral Tracing of Central Viscerosensory Pathways in Rats

2004

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Previous studies demonstrated that strain H129 of herpes simplex virus-1 undergoes anterograde transneuronal transport in mice and primates after peripheral or central injection. In this study, H129 was used in rats to identify CNS regions that receive relayed viscerosensory inputs from the stomach wall. We also examined whether transneuronal viral transport in this model is exclusively anterograde. H129 or an established retrograde transneuronal viral tracer, pseudorabies virus (PRV), was injected into the ventral stomach wall in intact rats or in rats with previous subdiaphragmatic vagal sensory deafferentation. Rats were perfused with fixative 3-5 d later, and tissues were processed for immunocytochemical detection of transported virus. In intact rats, H129 was transported transneuronally via vagal and spinal viscerosensory neurons to postsynaptic target cells in the medullary dorsal vagal complex and thoracic dorsal horn, respectively, with subsequent transport to discrete regions of the medullary and pontine reticular formation, cerebellum, parabrachial nucleus, periaqueductal gray, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and other central sites. Comparison of labeling patterns in intact and vagal deafferented rats indicated that H129 also produced first-order retrograde infection of autonomic neurons that project directly to virus injection sites, similar to PRV. Unlike PRV, however, H129 was not transported transneuronally in the retrograde direction from infected neurons to central sources of presynaptic input. We conclude that transneuronal transport of H129 occurs exclusively in the anterograde direction to reveal CNS regions that receive direct and relayed viscerosensory signals.

show abstract

Direction of transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus 1 in the primate motor system is strain-dependent.

Cited by 196 publications

References 39 publications

Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue

Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue

Lighter or Heavier Than Predicted: Neural Correlates of Corrective Mechanisms during Erroneously Programmed Lifts

Anterograde Transneuronal Viral Tracing of Central Viscerosensory Pathways in Rats

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