Directional properties of cosmic ray telescopes

Geomagnetic effects on anisotropic cosmic radiation

“…Consequent.ly, the surface integral in (la) cannot be evaluated as simply as in (lb) or (lc). From the sensitivity coefficients S,• we may derive the 'polar diagram of a telescope outside the earth's magnetic field' and the 'image of a cosmic-ray source'; these concepts were intro-duced by Brunberg [1958]. Thus, if the intensity of the source is a separable function of direction and rigidity, i.e.…”

“…Cracken [1962] and by Rao et al [1963] using the data of McCracken et al [1962]. Brunberg [1958], in his analysis of the optics of cosmic-ray telescopes, discussed the acceptance cone by introducing the transformation through the earth's magnetic field of the infinitely small solid-angle elements that constitute the acceptance cone. He formulated an expression for the counting rate different from that used by others.…”