Directional selection on body weight  and hybrid dysgenesis  in Drosophila melanogaster

Higuet, D.

doi:10.1051/gse:19910304

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the highest P activity measured in this study is in the West Indies strain, with only 31 % of GD sterility at 29 mC. Since such weak P strains would not show any GD sterility at 25 mC (Higuet, 1991), the GD sterility we observed at 25 mC may be fully attributed to hobo activity. Previous studies of the hobo system using this criterion (Pascual & Periquet, 1991), which were limited to American and French natural populations, have revealed a majority of populations without complete repression potential and no hobo activity before 1969.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Characterization of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster with regard to the hobo system: a new hypothesis on the invasion

1997

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Until now, with regard to the hobo system of hybrid dysgenesis, natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated using only two criteria: at the molecular level, the presence or absence of XhoI fragments 2.6 kb long or smaller; and/or at the genetic level, the ability to induce gonadal dysgenesis sterility in crosses A (females of an E reference strain crossed with males under test) and A* (females under test crossed with males of an H reference strain). Recently, analyses of laboratory strains using these criteria as well as the mobilization of two reporter genes, the male recombination and the number of 'TPE' repeats in the S region, revealed a lack of correlation between the different dysgenic parameters themselves, and also between these parameters and the molecular characteristics of the strains. Thirteen current strains derived from world populations were therefore investigated with regard to all these dysgenic traits, to determine discriminating criteria providing a robust method of classifying natural populations and deducing the dynamics of hobo elements in these populations. We show, as in laboratory strains, a lack of correlation between the parameters studied. Therefore, the significance of each of them as well as the nature of hobo hybrid dysgenesis are discussed, to propose an analysis method of the hobo system applicable to natural populations. According to the geographical distribution of hobo activities in world populations and to the variable polymorphism of the number of 'TPE' repeats, we propose a new scenario for the invasion of D. melanogaster by hobo elements.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Characterization of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster with regard to the hobo system: a new hypothesis on the invasion

1997

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“…Alicchio and Palenzona (1971), selecting on wing length, found a large increase in SSD d when selecting up and a large decrease when selecting down. Higuet (1991) found the same pattern of response in four of four down lines and in three of four up lines, when selecting on body weight. These results show no consistent pattern and many of them are suspect due to excessive inbreeding and lack of statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Many previous papers have reported the results of selection on one sex (e.g., Frankham 1968;Alicchio and Palenzona 1971), or on both sexes simultaneously (e.g., Zeleny 1921; Robertson and Reeve 1952;Alicchio and Palenzona 1971;Higuet 1991;Partridge and Fowler 1993) In this paper, we attempt to overcome these deficiencies by using a larger number of mating pairs (15) and selecting over 21 generations. The data are collected and analyzed to see how well the model is able to predict changes in body size, SSD d , and SSD r , brought about by selection on body SIze.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sexual Size Dimorphism as a Correlated Response to Selection on Body Size: An Empirical Test of the Quantitative Genetic Model

Reeve

Fairbairn

1996

Evolution

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Abstract.-We artificially selected for body size in Drosophila melanogaster to test Lande's quantitative genetic model for the evolution of sexual size dimorphism. Thorax width was used as an estimator of body size. Selection was maintained for 21 generations in both directions on males only, females only, or both sexes simultaneously. The correlated response of sexual size dimorphism in each selection regime was compared to the response predicted by four variants of the model, each of which differed only in assumptions about input parameters. Body size responded well to selection, but the correlated response of sexual size dimorphism was weaker than that predicted by any of the variants. Dimorphism decreased in most selection lines, contrary to the model predictions. We suggest that selection on body size acts primarily on growth trajectories. Changes in dimorphism are caused by the fact that male and female growth trajectories are not parallel and termination of growth at different points along the curves results in dimorphism levels that are difficult to predict without detailed knowledge of growth parameters. This may also explain many of the inconsistent results in dimorphism changes seen in earlier selection experiments.Key words.-Artificial selection, body size, Drosophila melanogaster, growth trajectories, sexual size dimorphism.Received June 27, 1995. Accepted March 19, 1996.The total response of each sex is due to the direct response to selection on that sex and the correlated response to selection on the other sex. Therefore, where the subscripts m and where h 2 is the narrow-sense heritability and S is the selection differential. The selection differential is often standardized by dividing by the phenotypic standard deviation Up to give the selection intensity i, so that(Leutenegger and Cheverud 1985; based on Falconer 1981). Dimorphism can then be calculated by comparing the relative responses in each sex. For the remainder of this paper, SSD r will refer to the size ratio of the larger sex to the smaller, and SSD d to the size of the larger sex minus that of the smaller. Where dimorphism in general is being discussed, SSD will be used.If the genetic correlation between the sexes is high, selection for a change in body size in one sex will result in a strong correlated response in the other and SSD will be difficult to alter. This idea was first expressed qualitatively by Fisher (1958) and later quantified by Lande (1980). Lande converted the standard quantitative genetics formulae (3a,b) into a set of recursion equations that can be used to follow the trajectories of the two sexes under a given set of parameter values. His model also incorporated the effect of stabilizing natural selection favoring some optimum body size value in each sex, which provides a means of producing a response plateau as the extrinsic selective force (e.g., sexual selection) moves the organisms away from their original optimal size. The standard response equation (1) has no built-in constraints, so it cannot predict respon...

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“…Most experimental work relevant to the evolution of SSD has been done on D. melanogaster, where females are about 10% larger than males for most linear traits. Many previous papers have reported the results of selection on one sex (e.g., Frankham 1968;Alicchio and Palenzona 1971), or on both sexes simultaneously (e.g., Zeleny 1921; Robertson and Reeve 1952;Alicchio and Palenzona 1971;Higuet 1991;Partridge and Fowler 1993), but most have featured one or more of the following characteristics that reduce their value for the purposes of evaluating the Lande model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Size Dimorphism as a Correlated Response to Selection on Body Size: An Empirical Test of the Quantitative Genetic Model

Reeve¹,

Fairbairn²

1996

Evolution

108

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We artificially selected for body size in Drosophila melanogaster to test Lande's quantitative genetic model for the evolution of sexual size dimorphism. Thorax width was used as an estimator of body size. Selection was maintained for 21 generations in both directions on males only, females only, or both sexes simultaneously. The correlated response of sexual size dimorphism in each selection regime was compared to the response predicted by four variants of the model, each of which differed only in assumptions about input parameters. Body size responded well to selection, but the correlated response of sexual size dimorphism was weaker than that predicted by any of the variants. Dimorphism decreased in most selection lines, contrary to the model predictions. We suggest that selection on body size acts primarily on growth trajectories. Changes in dimorphism are caused by the fact that male and female growth trajectories are not parallel and termination of growth at different points along the curves results in dimorphism levels that are difficult to predict without detailed knowledge of growth parameters. This may also explain many of the inconsistent results in dimorphism changes seen in earlier selection experiments.

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Directional selection on body weight and hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster with regard to the hobo system: a new hypothesis on the invasion

Characterization of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster with regard to the hobo system: a new hypothesis on the invasion

Sexual Size Dimorphism as a Correlated Response to Selection on Body Size: An Empirical Test of the Quantitative Genetic Model

Sexual Size Dimorphism as a Correlated Response to Selection on Body Size: An Empirical Test of the Quantitative Genetic Model

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