Directional Sensitivity of Individual Vertebrate Hair Cells to Controlled Deflection of Their Hair Bundles*

Shotwell, S. L.; Jacobs, R.; Hudspeth, A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb30854.x

Cited by 216 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1). A more complete description of directional sensitivity is that the MET response is proportional to the cosine of the angle away from the direction of maximal response (Shotwell, Jacobs & Hudspeth, 1981). A morphological correlate that can explain the polarization in sensitivity is the tip-link ( Fig.…”

Section: Channel Gatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-electrical Transduction: New Insights into Old Ideas

et al. 2006

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The gating-spring theory of hair cell mechanotransduction channel activation was first postulated over twenty years ago. The basic tenets of this hypothesis have been reaffirmed in hair cells from both auditory and vestibular systems and across species. In fact, the basic findings have been reproduced in every hair cell type tested. A great deal of information regarding the structural, mechanical, molecular and biophysical properties of the sensory hair bundle and the mechanotransducer channel has accumulated over the past twenty years. The goal of this review is to investigate new data, using the gating spring hypothesis as the framework for discussion. Mechanisms of channel gating are presented in reference to the need for a molecular gating spring or for tethering to the intra-or extracellular compartments. Dynamics of the sensory hair bundle and the presence of motor proteins are discussed in reference to passive contributions of the hair bundle to gating compliance. And finally, the molecular identity of the channel is discussed in reference to known intrinsic properties of the native transducer channel.

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Section: Channel Gatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-electrical Transduction: New Insights into Old Ideas

et al. 2006

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“…A hallmark of mechanotransduction is directional sensitivity, in which the hair bundle responds best to a stimulus applied in a specific direction: toward the tallest row of stereocilia (Shotwell et al, 1981). Whether directional sensitivity develops as the hair bundle matures or is present at the onset of MET was addressed by stimulating immature hair bundles in directions either toward the shortest rows or orthogonal to the axis of sensitivity.…”

Section: The Met Activation Curve Shifts Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Stepwise Morphological and Functional Maturation of Mechanotransduction in Rat Outer Hair Cells

Waguespack¹,

Salles²,

Kachar³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

131

229

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“…In vertebrates, the orientation of the hair bundle that projects from the apical surface of a sensory hair cell represents a striking example of planar cell polarity (3,4). Because the hair bundle's axis of morphological polarization defines the cell's axis of responsiveness to mechanical stimuli, the senses of hearing and equilibrium rely on the coordinated orientation of hair cells across the sensory epithelium (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-step mechanism underlies the planar polarization of regenerating sensory hair cells

López‐Schier

Hudspeth²

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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162

216

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The restoration of planar cell polarity is an essential but poorly understood step toward physiological recovery during sensoryorgan regeneration. Investigating this issue in the lateral line of the zebrafish, we found that hair cells regenerate in pairs along a single axis established by the restricted localization and oriented division of their progenitors. By analyzing mutants lacking the planar-polarity determinant Vangl2, we ascertained that the uniaxial production of hair cells and the subsequent orientation of their hair bundles are controlled by distinct pathways, whose combination underlies the establishment of hair-cell orientation during development and regeneration. This mechanism may represent a general principle governing the long-term maintenance of planar cell polarity in remodeling epithelia.auditory system ͉ balance ͉ hearing ͉ lateral line ͉ vestibular system E pithelial cells are polarized along the apicobasal axis and often also perpendicularly to this axis, within the plane of the epithelium. The latter type of cellular organization, termed planar cell polarity, has been studied extensively during development in Drosophila (1, 2). Because the epithelia of adult fruit flies harden and, consequently, cannot undergo repair after mechanical damage or cell death, they are not amenable to studies of the postembryonic recovery of planar cell polarity. In vertebrates, the orientation of the hair bundle that projects from the apical surface of a sensory hair cell represents a striking example of planar cell polarity (3, 4). Because the hair bundle's axis of morphological polarization defines the cell's axis of responsiveness to mechanical stimuli, the senses of hearing and equilibrium rely on the coordinated orientation of hair cells across the sensory epithelium (5, 6).The loss of cochlear hair cells in mammals is irreversible. However, other vertebrates can regenerate hair cells (7-9). In birds, for example, regenerated hair cells appear normal and regain their proper orientation (10-12). The mechanisms that underlie the establishment of hair-cell orientation during development remain poorly understood, however, and those active during hair-cell regeneration are unknown. Direct and continuous observation of hair-cell development and regeneration has not yet been achieved, for live imaging of the ear's mechanosensory epithelium is hampered by the inaccessibility of the cochlea within the skull. Furthermore, the long periods needed by some animals to regenerate hair cells pose severe limitations to analyzing the process continuously. Attempts to monitor cellular behavior in neuromasts after hair-cell ablation in salamanders suffered from the absence of cellular and molecular markers (13), which prevented the unambiguous identification of cellular types and the analysis of the recovery of epithelial architecture upon regeneration. In this study, we used the lateral-line system of the zebrafish to circumvent these limitations and to acquire time-lapse sequences of hair-cell formation and regeneration....

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Directional Sensitivity of Individual Vertebrate Hair Cells to Controlled Deflection of Their Hair Bundles*

Cited by 216 publications

References 9 publications

Mechano-electrical Transduction: New Insights into Old Ideas

Mechano-electrical Transduction: New Insights into Old Ideas

Stepwise Morphological and Functional Maturation of Mechanotransduction in Rat Outer Hair Cells

A two-step mechanism underlies the planar polarization of regenerating sensory hair cells

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