Directional synthesis of furfural compounds from holocellulose catalyzed by sulfamic acid

Abstract

The coproduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and furfural (FUR) via the direct hydrolysis of holocellulose analogue composed of cellulose and hemicellulose was investigated. The effects of catalyst amount, solvent type and amount, reaction temperature and time using sulfamic acid with dual active sites as catalyst were also studied. The yields of 5-HMF and FUR at 37.2% and 62.0% were obtained with the volume ratio of γ-valerolactone to water of 25:1 at 180 o C for 3 h. The conversion of corn cob holocellulose and wheat straw holocellulose to furfural compounds was then carried out under the identical conditions. Yields of 5-HMF at 26.6% and 28.5%, and yields of FUR at 34.5% and 26.1% were obtained, respectively. A possible mechanism for the coproduction of 5-HMF and FUR from holocellulose was proposed. It is believed that there is a synergistic effect between the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose during the conversion of holocellulose.

Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfurylamine from Bread Waste via Two-Step Reaction

“…Under the high temperature of 190 °C, HMF concentration was reduced from 45.6 to 36.7 mM as the reaction time was raised from 40 to 100 min. Due to potential side reactions, high temperature or long dehydration duration will lead to the degradation of the prepared HMF to other byproducts (humus and levulinic acid), thus reducing the output of HMF . Therefore, the highest dehydration activity was detected at 170 °C for 80 min.…”

“…Due to potential side reactions, high temperature or long dehydration duration will lead to the degradation of the prepared HMF to other byproducts (humus and levulinic acid), thus reducing the output of HMF. 40 Therefore, the highest dehydration activity was detected at 170 °C for 80 min. In the catalytic medium, the addition amount of BW will affect the chemocatalytic efficiency.…”

Microwave-Assisted Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Fructose Using Sulfamic Acid as a Green Catalyst

“…SA (50% w/w) was also investigated as a bifunctional catalyst for the hydrolysis of holocellulose, which is composed of cellulose and hemicellulose, in a solvent medium comprising γ-verolactone and water (25:1 v/v) [30]. Under autoclave conditions (1 MPa) at 180 • C and in an inert N 2 atmosphere, 5-HMF and furan were obtained with 37.2% and 62.0% yields, respectively (HPLC yield), after 3 h. Comparative experiments revealed that Brønsted acids, such as H 2 SO 4 and Amberlyst acid resins, furnished only traces of 5-HMF under the same reaction conditions.…”