Directionality of Chemical Reaction and Spontaneity of Biological Process in the Context of Entropy

Abstract

Chemical and biochemical reactions are carried out either to generate energy or to produce useful macromolecules. Entropy is a well-applied concept in many fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Various perspectives have been used to describe the concept, creating confusion and misconceptions. In chemical and biochemical reactions, entropy plays a significant role in the directionality and spontaneity of the reactions. Potential energy can be used to better understand the concept of entropy. Potential energy represents order, while entropy represents disorder; therefore, they are inversely proportional and intimately linked. Molecules with high potential usually have rich sets of functions and information, which is due to the enrichment of their constitutions, configurations, and conformations. In molecules with low potential, there are greater vibrational, rotational, and translational motions associated with decreased order in their constitution, configuration, and conformation. Distribution of electronic charge changes in macromolecules over time, increasing the rotation of side-chain residues and thus increasing entropy and affecting potential in terms of structure, function, and information. Entropy can thus be defined as a state of spontaneous change, bound to time and constantly increasing, which causes structural changes in the form of constitution, configuration, and conformation, and functional changes in the form of the ability to do work as well as informational changes in the form of the transmission of commands.

The Role of Buffers in Establishing a Balance of Homeostasis and Maintaining Health

“…According to halalopathy, the concept of entropy is described by spontaneous processes or involuntarily acquired energy and enriched by the catabolic process as well as the pleasure and pain associated with material values. Potential energy, on the other hand, is a non-spontaneous aspect of voluntarily acquired energy that can be enriched by the activation of anabolic processes and by happiness resulting from non-material values [40].…”

“…Metabolism involves biochemical reactions to either produce vital molecules or release energy; the main metabolic processes are anabolic and catabolic metabolism [39]. The anabolic process plays an important role in generating vital molecules with high potential, while the catabolic process (anti-anabolic) serves as a source of internal energy [40]. To slow the aging process and maintain health, it is important to enrich the anabolic process and slow the catabolic process [41].…”

The Development of Human Personality: A Comprehensive Overview

“…Halalopathy believes that all functions and information in the body can be perceived in terms of entropy and potential energy. Therefore, understanding these fundamental elements of human personality can be utilized to improve prevention and recovery [85].…”

Recognizing Limitations: Overcoming Challenges in Enhancing Health and Preventing Disease

“…Structural disorder arises from changes in the molecular constitution, configuration, and conformation, whereas functional disorder results from disordered orientation and electronic distribution of molecules. Informational disorder, on the other hand, can be attributed to either a genomic or a psychological trait disorder [47].…”