Directly deposited Nafion/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite membranes for high power medium temperature fuel cells

Wehkamp, Niklas; Breitwieser, Matthias; Büchler, Andreas; Klingele, Matthias; Zengerle, Roland; Thiele, Simon

doi:10.1039/c5ra27462a

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As mentioned above, the incorporation of nanoparticulated solids, for instance, TiO 2 nanoparticles, on the polymer electrolyte is one of the most frequent strategies to overcome Nafion drawbacks, producing novel composite membrane with higher proton conductivity and higher stability against oxidative agents at high temperatures. 2,15,16 Besides titania, silica nanoparticles have been used as reinforced filler for Nafion membrane. Silica nanoparticles can also improve stability and increase water retention, which is an important parameter to improve to maintain good proton conductivity at high temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nafion/SiO₂@TiO₂‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity

Thmaini

Charradi

Ahmed

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work deals with the synthesis of SiO2@TiO2 supported palygorskite fibers and their use as a filler for proton exchange membrane fuel cells in order to improve their performance. SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite nanostructured particles were synthesized separately with original route to ensure the growth of TiO2 and then of SiO2 on the surface of the clay. Accordingly, the introduction of the synthetic filler (SiO2@TiO2‐paly) into the electrolyte membrane (Nafion) aims to improve mechanical, thermal, and proton conductivity properties. The TiO2 nanoparticles were generated via a sol–gel process on the external surface of palygorskite. Then, SiO2 nanoparticles were synthetized using a similar sol–gel process, onto the TiO2‐palygorskite particles to produce the final SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite particles. The physico‐chemical properties of the nanostructured particles were studied by X‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Nafion based composite membranes were prepared using SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite and TiO2‐palygorskite as a control standard. The composite membranes show improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, water retention, and proton conductivity compared to the neat Nafion membrane. Proton conductivities (at 100°C and 100% relative humidity) increased from 65.0 mS/cm for neat Nafion to 70.4 mS/cm and to 128.6 mS/cm when incorporated TiO2‐Paly (6% in weight) and SiO2@TiO2‐Paly (6% in weight), respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nafion/SiO₂@TiO₂‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity

Thmaini

Charradi

Ahmed

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The commonly used catalyst coated membrane foil is replaced by two thin ionomer layers deposited directly onto anode and cathode gas diffusion electrodes. The DMD process is also applicable for ionomer/nanoparticle dispersions as shown by Wehkamp et al and therefore suitable for the fabrication of cerium‐doped Nafion membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerium Oxide Decorated Polymer Nanofibers as Effective Membrane Reinforcement for Durable, High‐Performance Fuel Cells

Breitwieser

Klose

Hartmann

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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High‐power, durable composite fuel cell membranes are fabricated here by direct membrane deposition (DMD). Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) nanofibers, decorated with CeO2 nanoparticles are directly electrospun onto gas diffusion electrodes. The nanofiber mesh is impregnated by inkjet‐printed Nafion ionomer dispersion. This results in 12 µm thin multicomponent composite membranes. The nanofibers provide membrane reinforcement, whereas the attached CeO2 nanoparticles promote improved chemical membrane durability due to their radical scavenging properties. In a 100 h accelerated stress test under hot and dry conditions, the reinforced DMD fuel cell shows a more than three times lower voltage decay rate (0.39 mV h−1) compared to a comparably thin Gore membrane (1.36 mV h−1). The maximum power density of the DMD fuel cell drops by 9%, compared to 54% measured for the reference. Impedance spectroscopy reveals that ionic and mass transport resistance of the DMD fuel cell are unaffected by the accelerated stress test. This is in contrast to the reference, where a 90% increase of the mass transport resistance is measured. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reveals that no significant migration of cerium into the catalyst layers occurs during degradation. This proves that the PVDF‐HFP backbone provides strong anchoring of CeO2 in the membrane.

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“…(vi) Reducing the membrane thickness (e.g., via direct deposition of ionomer onto catalytic layers) in order to enhance the back diffusion of water from the cathode to the anode [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. (vii) Modification of the catalytic layers to promote water retention and removal [43,49,67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the corrugated bipolar plate design on the self‐humidification of a high power density PEMFC stack for UAVs

et al. 2021

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Open-cathode PEMFCs for unmanned aerial vehicles operate at a near-ambient temperature, which requires high super-stoichiometric air flow rates to remove heat. This, in turn, makes the stack vulnerable to drying out. Using a combination of experimental measurements with a 1.2 kW stack and 3D multiphysics modelling, we show that the design of the corrugated metal bipolar plate with a height above the commonly used 1.05 mm and with cathode cooling channels wider than air-suppling channels allows for a more efficient heat removal at lower air flow rates, thus assuring a wider range of operating parameters, while maintaining adequate hydration. The self-humidifying stack attains 1000 W kg −1 power, and the full system with a nominal runtime of 4 h attains specific energy of 700 Wh kg −1 .

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Directly deposited Nafion/TiO₂ composite membranes for high power medium temperature fuel cells

Abstract: adThis work presents a simple production method for TiO 2 reinforced Nafion® membranes which are stable up to a 120 C operation temperature. The novel TiO 2 reinforced membranes yield a maximum power density of 2.02 W cm À2 at 120 C; H 2 /O 2 ; 0.5/0.5 L min À1

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Nafion/SiO₂@TiO₂‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity

Nafion/SiO₂@TiO₂‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity

Cerium Oxide Decorated Polymer Nanofibers as Effective Membrane Reinforcement for Durable, High‐Performance Fuel Cells

Effect of the corrugated bipolar plate design on the self‐humidification of a high power density PEMFC stack for UAVs

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Directly deposited Nafion/TiO2 composite membranes for high power medium temperature fuel cells

Abstract: adThis work presents a simple production method for TiO 2 reinforced Nafion® membranes which are stable up to a 120 C operation temperature. The novel TiO 2 reinforced membranes yield a maximum power density of 2.02 W cm À2 at 120 C; H 2 /O 2 ; 0.5/0.5 L min À1

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Nafion/SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity

Nafion/SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity

Cerium Oxide Decorated Polymer Nanofibers as Effective Membrane Reinforcement for Durable, High‐Performance Fuel Cells

Effect of the corrugated bipolar plate design on the self‐humidification of a high power density PEMFC stack for UAVs

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Resources

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Directly deposited Nafion/TiO₂ composite membranes for high power medium temperature fuel cells

Nafion/SiO₂@TiO₂‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity

Nafion/SiO₂@TiO₂‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity