Disability Among Older People in a Southern European City in 2006: Trends in Gender and Socioeconomic Inequalities

Espelt, Albert; Font-Ribera, Laia; Rodríguez-Sanz, Maica; Artazcoz, Lucı́a; Ferrando, Josep; Plaza, Aina; Borrell, Carme

doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1608

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…En España, un alto porcentaje de las personas mayores se enfrenta a malas condiciones de vida debido a unos ingresos bajos 5 . Esta situación es especialmente preocupante en las mujeres, pues reciben pensiones de menor cuantía económica debido a una baja incorporación al mercado laboral 6 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desigualdades en la salud autopercibida de la población española mayor de 65 años

et al. 2014

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Desigualdades en la salud autopercibida de la población española mayor de 65 años

et al. 2014

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“…Socioeconomic disadvantage, measured by occupation, lower levels of income and education in higher-income countries is associated with greater disability among older women [14-16]. Evidence from studies in lower- and middle-income countries also shows association between social factors and disability in older women [10,11,17-20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social determinants of sex differences in disability among older adults: a multi-country decomposition analysis using the World Health Survey

Hosseinpoor

Williams

Jann

et al. 2012

Int J Equity Health

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IntroductionWomen represent a growing proportion of older people and experience increasing disability in their longer lives. Using a universally agreed definition of disability based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, this paper examines how, apart from age, social and economic factors contribute to disability differences between older men and women.MethodsWorld Health Survey data were analyzed from 57 countries drawn from all income groups defined by the World Bank. The final sample comprises 63638 respondents aged 50 and older (28568 males and 35070 females). Item Response Theory was applied to derive a measure of disability which ensured cross country comparability. Individuals with scores at or above a threshold score were those who experienced significant difficulty in their everyday lives, irrespective of the underlying etiology. The population was then divided into “disabled” vs. “not disabled”. We firstly computed disability prevalence for males and females by socio-demographic factors, secondly used multiple logistic regression to estimate the adjusted effects of each social determinant on disability for males and females, and thirdly used a variant of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to partition the measured inequality in disability between males and females into the “explained” part that arises because of differences between males and females in terms of age and social and economic characteristics, and an “unexplained” part attributed to the differential effects of these characteristics.ResultsPrevalence of disability among women compared with men aged 50+ years was 40.1% vs. 23.8%. Lower levels of education and economic status are associated with disability in women and men. Approximately 45% of the sex inequality in disability can be attributed to differences in the distribution of socio-demographic factors. Approximately 55% of the inequality results from differences in the effects of the determinants.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for data and methodologies that can identify how social, biological and other factors separately contribute to the health decrements facing men and women as they age. This study highlights the need for action to address social structures and institutional practices that impact unfairly on the health of older men and women.

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“…Men are more likely to report good health than women even though they are likely to die younger. This can be explained by a combination of cultural norms and higher incidence of non-fatal but disabling diseases among women at higher ages; men, by contrast, are more often affected by fatal illness (see for instance Espelt et al, 2010;Sarkeala et al, 2011).…”

Section: Inequality In Life Expectancy Remains High While Healthy Lifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social insurance contribution and mandatory private contribution rates for an average worker in 2016

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Disability Among Older People in a Southern European City in 2006: Trends in Gender and Socioeconomic Inequalities

Abstract: Disability prevalence is increasing among older women at the turn of the century in this southern European city, and socioeconomic inequalities in disability persist. Although women have longer life expectancy, their disability prevalence in older age is much higher than that of men.

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Desigualdades en la salud autopercibida de la población española mayor de 65 años

Desigualdades en la salud autopercibida de la población española mayor de 65 años

Social determinants of sex differences in disability among older adults: a multi-country decomposition analysis using the World Health Survey

Social insurance contribution and mandatory private contribution rates for an average worker in 2016

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