Disability and household economic wellbeing: evidence from Indonesian longitudinal data

Simeu, Natalie; Mitra, Sophie

doi:10.1080/13600818.2019.1575348

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A disability can increase out-of-pocket health expenditures or reduce an individual’s earning potential, thus impacting their ability to pay for services. Additionally, the disabled or elderly may not be physically capable to carry water or walk the distance required to access an improved main water source, especially in households with few members [ 35 ]. Finally, the disabled or elderly may find it difficult to use sanitation or hygiene facilities that have not been designed with their specific needs in mind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and geographic inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene access in 21 refugee camps and settlements in Bangladesh, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe

Calderón-Villarreal

Schweitzer

Kayser

2022

Int J Equity Health

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Introduction Many refugees face challenges accessing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. However, there is limited literature on WASH access for refugee populations, including for menstrual health services. Unmet WASH access needs may therefore be hidden, amplifying morbidity and mortality risks for already vulnerable refugee populations. The aim of this study was therefore to quantitatively analyze WASH access among refugee camps, with a focus on households with women of reproductive age. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that utilized the Standardized WASH Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Survey. A total of 5632 household questionnaires were completed by the United Nations Refugee Agency in 2019 in 21 refugee camps and settlements in Bangladesh, Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. WASH access (14 items) and social and geographic stratifiers were analyzed at the household-level including the refugee camp, country of the settlement, having women of reproductive age, members with disability/elderly status, and household size. We calculated frequencies, odds ratios, and performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure inequalities. We developed a Female WASH Access Index to characterize WASH access for households with women of reproductive age. Results Most refugee households had high levels of access to improved water (95%), low levels of access to waste disposal facility (64%) and sanitation privacy (63%), and very low access to basic sanitation (30%) and hand hygiene facility (24%). 76% of households with women of reproductive age had access to menstrual health materials. WASH access indicators and the Female WASH Access Index showed large inequalities across social and geographic stratifiers. Households with disabled or elderly members, and fewer members had poorer WASH access. Households with women of reproductive age had lower access to basic sanitation. Conclusions Large inequalities in WASH access indicators were identified between refugee sites and across countries, in all metrics. We found high levels of access to improved water across most of the refugee camps and settlements studied. Access to basic hygiene and sanitation, sanitation privacy, waste disposal, and menstrual health materials, could be improved across refugee sites. Households with women of reproductive age, with 4+ members, and without members with disability/elderly status were associated with higher WASH access. The female WASH access index piloted here could be a useful tool to quickly summarize WASH access in households with women of reproductive age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and geographic inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene access in 21 refugee camps and settlements in Bangladesh, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe

Calderón-Villarreal

Schweitzer

Kayser

2022

Int J Equity Health

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“…Still, children with disabilities are disproportionately affected by these challenges. For instance, extra costs associated with disability can exacerbate poverty and reduce capacity to pay for education (Mitra et al 2017 ; Simeu & Mitra 2019 ). Other studies have found households incur additional direct and indirect costs related to sending children with disabilities to schools, such as for fees to specialist schools and resources, transportation or caregivers’ time accompanying children to school (Banks et al 2021 ; Hanass-Hancock & McKenzie 2017 ; Kamaralzaman et al 2018 ), although more research in this area is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have found households incur additional direct and indirect costs related to sending children with disabilities to schools, such as for fees to specialist schools and resources, transportation or caregivers’ time accompanying children to school (Banks et al 2021 ; Hanass-Hancock & McKenzie 2017 ; Kamaralzaman et al 2018 ), although more research in this area is needed. The increased risk of poverty in households with a member with a disability affects the entire family, and it can have an impact on the educational outcomes of children without disabilities (Hailemichael et al 2019 ; Simeu & Mitra 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘I might be lucky and go back to school’: Factors affecting inclusion in education for children with disabilities in rural Malawi

Banks

Hunt

Kalua

et al. 2022

African Journal of Disability

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I might be lucky and go back to school": Factors affecting inclusion in education for children with disabilities in rural Malawi', African Journal of Disability 11(0), a981. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod. v11i0.981 BackgroundUniversal access to quality education is a human right. International consensus documents, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), codify this right and provide clear targets for countries to try and achieve in terms of educational access (United Nations 2015). Universal access to quality education is also essential to poverty reduction.The right of children with disabilities to education is codified in Article 24 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) (United Nations 2006), and the SDGs (particularly Goal 4, to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all) recognise the importance of ensuring accessible education (United Nations 2015).However, the world's 240 million children with disabilities (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund [UNICEF] 2021) face a range of barriers that limit their access to and participation in education. Exclusion from the educational environment and from educational attainment is still persistent, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite some gains made in the past few decades (Mizunoya, Mitra & Yamasaki 2018; UNICEF 2021). Compared with their peers without disabilities, children with disabilities are less likely to enrol in school, and if they do enrol, they have lower levels of school attendance and lower rates of transition to higher education than their peers without disabilities (Banks et al. 2017; United Nations 2019; World Health Organization [WHO] & World Bank 2011). A landmark study in 2018 showed that across 15 LMICs, having a disability reduced the probability of a young person attending school by 30.9% (Mizunoya et al. 2018). A variety of challenges can create barriers to educational inclusion, participation and attainment amongst children with disabilities, including inaccessible school facilities and transport to Background: Globally, children with disabilities are often excluded from and within schools. Objectives: This study explored experiences of inclusion in education amongst children with disabilities in Malawi. The enquiry focused on the perspectives of children and their caregivers on barriers and enablers of inclusion. Method: Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 37 children with disabilities, 61 caregivers and 13 teachers from Ntcheu and Mangochi districts and analysed thematically using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework.Results: Overall, this research study found that children with disabilities face persistent and systemic barriers to attending, progressing and learning in school. Conclusion:School outcomes were influenced by a range of impairment-related, personal and environmental factors, including poor health, household ...

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“…As the elderly age, their body functions and resistance to environmental stresses diminish, increasing their need for medical and daily care [3], so middle-aged and older people make up the majority of disabled people. The increase in the number of disabled adults leads to a decline in their quality of life and life satisfaction, and puts pressure on their family members and finances, it also leads to increased burden on social health resources [4][5][6]. Long-term care insurance (LTCI) was created to meet the demand for long-term care brought about by the increase in the number of disabled people, and Japan, Germany, the United States and other countries with serious ageing have started to implement and explore it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of long-term care insurance on healthcare utilization of middle-aged and older adults: evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study

Yang,

Guo,

et al. 2023

Int J Equity Health

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Background As global ageing continues to increase and many countries face challenges from the growing demand for long-term care. Drawing on the experiences of developed countries, developing countries have explored their own suitable long-term care insurance and have shown strong potential for development and research prospects. However, due to their late start, relevant research is underrepresented in the global research network and still needs to be supplemented. The present study hopes to examine the effect of long-term care insurance on healthcare utilization among the middle-aged and elderly from an empirical perspective, using China as an example. Methods Panel data from wave 3 (2015) and wave 4 (2018) of the nationally-representative China health and retirement longitudinal study were selected to obtain a sample of 661 processing participants and 16,065 control participants after matching the policy implementation time in the first pilot cities, and quantitative analysis was conducted using difference-in-differences propensity score matching estimator method to assess the net effect of long-term care insurance on health care utilization among the middle-aged and elderly adults. Results In the matched frequency-weighted regression difference-in-differences estimator results, long-term care insurance had a negative effect on the number and costs of annual hospitalizations at the 5% significance level (key variable values of − 0.0568101 and − 1236.309, respectively) and a non-significant effect on outpatient service utilization (P > 0.05). Further exploration of the heterogeneous effect of it revealed that implementation had a more significant negative effect on hospitalization utilization for middle-aged and older people in the East and for those with higher levels of education or attended care. Conclusion Long-term care insurance has played a role in controlling hospitalization costs but has not yet achieved the expected effect in controlling outpatient costs. The policy effects in terms of regional distribution and education level and care situation have been variable. The treatment plan of long-term care insurance needs to be improved, the supply of resources for long-term care services should be increased, and the promotion of long-term care insurance and health science should be given attention.

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Disability and household economic wellbeing: evidence from Indonesian longitudinal data

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Social and geographic inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene access in 21 refugee camps and settlements in Bangladesh, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe

Social and geographic inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene access in 21 refugee camps and settlements in Bangladesh, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe

‘I might be lucky and go back to school’: Factors affecting inclusion in education for children with disabilities in rural Malawi

The effect of long-term care insurance on healthcare utilization of middle-aged and older adults: evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study

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