Disability and Korean Culture

Kim-Rupnow, Weol Soon

doi:10.4135/9781452232546.n6

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The experiences of parents reflect traditional attitudes toward disability inherent in those Asian cultures that have been studied (Sonnander & Claesson 1997; Lam & Mackenzie 2002; Holroyd 2003; Shin & Crittenden 2003). In Chinese and Korean societies, although modern education in biology and medicine teaches that genetic defects or diseases often cause disability, there is still a strong moralistic view of the aetiology of disability (Cheng & Tang 1997; Kim‐Rupnow 2005; Liu 2005). Disability is viewed as a punishment for the disabled person’s sins in a past life or for the sins of the person’s parents.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Disability is viewed as a punishment for the disabled person’s sins in a past life or for the sins of the person’s parents. Shame and guilt become common experiences in the families of persons with disabilities (Lam 1992; Kim‐Rupnow 2001; Liu 2005). The stigma attached to disability results in the family’s fear of exposure to criticism and disgrace (Lam 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Parenting stress of mothers and fathers of young children with cognitive delays in Vietnam

Shin

Nhan²,

Crittenden

et al. 2006

J intellect Disabil Res

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The findings revealed traditional gender roles. Mothers were more affected by the child's characteristics and the spouse's functioning; they anticipated future problems related to the child's functioning more than fathers did. Fathers were more affected by concerns about the family's connection to the wider world such as economic issues and the social support network. Longitudinal studies of how social support and stigma affect families would be valuable.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Parenting stress of mothers and fathers of young children with cognitive delays in Vietnam

Shin

Nhan²,

Crittenden

et al. 2006

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…Americans were more concerned with how autism would influence personal matters such as marriageability while Koreans were more concerned with productivity, which is more salient in professional or educational contexts. Koreans are living in a highly academically and professionally competitive society (Kim-Rupnow, 2005) where high-quality education is often viewed as essential (Grinker & Cho, 2013). Intriguingly, our findings, albeit unexpected, align with prior research demonstrating heightened essentialist beliefs (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is autism stigma higher in South Korea than the United States? Examining cultural tightness, intergroup bias, and concerns about heredity as contributors to heightened autism stigma

Kim

Cheon

Gillespie-Lynch

et al. 2021

Autism

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South Korea, a relatively collectivistic and homogeneous country with heightened cultural tightness, is believed to have particularly high levels of stigma toward autistic individuals, who sometimes engage in behaviors that diverge from social norms. This study investigated cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a Social Distance Scale) in the United States and South Korea. Two-hundred and seventy-six American and 494 Korean participants who completed an online survey were included in the analysis. We conducted a multiple regression predicting autism stigma with variables that were correlated with stigma. Koreans reported greater autism stigma than Americans. Greater vertical individualism, lesser horizontal collectivism, less accurate autism knowledge, less pleasant and frequent previous contact with autism, concerns about the marriageability of family members, and higher cultural tightness predicted greater stigma. Cultural tightness, or an emphasis on social norms, which was heightened among Korean participants, contributed to greater autism stigma in South Korea. Findings highlight the need to increase autism knowledge and foster pleasant and frequent contact with autistic individuals, especially for those who accept inequality as a part of human interactions in both South Korea and the United States. Moreover, interventions that help Koreans understand the relativeness of social appropriateness may reduce autism stigma in South Korea. Lay abstract Misunderstandings about autism may be more common in South Korea than the United States. Koreans often have clear ideas about how people should act. Another way of saying this is that Korea has a tight culture. Americans are looser, meaning people are freer to act as they like. Autistic people often do not act as people expect them to. This makes autistic people stand out. Autistic people may stand out more in tight cultures like South Korea. We studied how people in South Korea and the United States feel about autism. We wanted to see why Korean people might reject autistic people more than people in the United States do. American and Korean people did online surveys. Koreans said they did not want to get close to autistic people more than Americans did. People who understood autism and had met and liked autistic people wanted to get closer to autistic people. We were surprised to learn that Americans said having an autistic brother or sister makes it harder to find a romantic partner more than Korean people did. People who believed that autism makes it harder for family members to find love did not want to get very close to autistic people. Koreans said people should act as expected more than Americans did. People who believed that acting as expected was important did not want to get very close to autistic people. Teaching people that there are many ways of being a good person may help them understand and appreciate autistic people.

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“…Although consistent with results reported from Western countries, this finding can also be understood in the context of Vietnamese culture. There is a moralistic view of children with disability in that is considered a result of a parent’s sin or an ancestor’s punishment in many Asian cultures, including China and Korea (Kim‐Rupnow 2005; Liu, 2005). Although a modern view of disability as a result of the use of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War is socially acceptable, Vietnamese clinicians validated that a shared moralistic view is dominantly held in Vietnamese culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Aspects of Social Support for Mothers of Children with and without Cognitive Delays in Vietnam

Park

Glidden

Shin

2009

Research Intellect Disabil

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Background This study reports development of a social support scale appropriate to the Vietnamese culture and the impact of social support on mothers of children with cognitive delays by using the developing scale. Method Interview surveys were conducted with 225 mothers of children with and without cognitive delays in Vietnam. The structural and functional social supports were examined in relation to two aspects of stress, parental competence and role restriction. Demographic variables were incorporated in examining the relationships between social support and stress. Results The social support scale had adequate reliability and structural and functional aspects comparable to those found in Western societies. Two domains in functional support, material and family-directed support, alleviated stress when controlling for child disability status and sociodemographic variables.Conclusions The results showed that informal and functional social support have some effect on maternal stress. However, when other variables were examined in combination, child disability was the strongest predictor of maternal stress.

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Disability and Korean Culture

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Parenting stress of mothers and fathers of young children with cognitive delays in Vietnam

Parenting stress of mothers and fathers of young children with cognitive delays in Vietnam

Is autism stigma higher in South Korea than the United States? Examining cultural tightness, intergroup bias, and concerns about heredity as contributors to heightened autism stigma

Structural and Functional Aspects of Social Support for Mothers of Children with and without Cognitive Delays in Vietnam

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