Disability and Oral Health

Gallagher, Jenny; Scambler, Sasha

doi:10.5772/34299

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A further caveat requiring discussion is the lack of inclusion of confounding factors amongst articles. There are a multitude of variables that influence oral health: from simple physical ability to complete oral hygiene (Gallagher & Scambler ), malocclusion (Cabrita, Bizarra, & Graça ) or dental trauma from epileptic seizures (Aragon & Burneo ) to the more complex influence of medication (Ciancio ) or systemic diseases. People taking 5+ medications (polypharmacy) are at an increased risk of poor oral health due to anticholinergic burden causing xerostomia (dry mouth) leading to an increased risk of dental caries (Scottish Government Model of Care Polypharmacy Working Group ; Vázquez, Garcillan, Rioboo, & Bratos ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health of adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review

Ward

Cooper

Hughes-McCormack

et al. 2019

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background There have been several past reports that adults with intellectual disabilities experience poor oral health (tooth loss, periodontal health and untreated dental caries). Loss of a functional dentition has serious consequences, including problems with chewing, swallowing, nutrition, speech, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and pain and systemic health conditions. Poor oral health is largely preventable through proactive oral care support. In recent years, social care provision for adults has changed, with deinstitutionalisation and home‐based personalised care now being the typical provision in high income countries. Hence, oral health inequalities might be reducing. However, there is limited recent evidence‐synthesis on the topic. We aimed to address this. Method PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018089880. We conducted a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses systematic review of publications since 2008. Four databases were searched with a clear search strategy, strict inclusion criteria for selection of papers, double scoring (two raters), systematic data extraction and quality appraisal of included papers. Results A total of 33/3958 retrieved articles were included, of which 14 were drawn from dental service users and 10 from Special Olympic athletes, therefore not necessarily being representative of the wider population with intellectual disabilities. Despite this limitation, adults with intellectual disabilities were still shown to experience poor oral health. High levels of poor oral hygiene and gingivitis were found, with many also affected by periodontitis and untreated dental decay. There is clear unmet need relating to both periodontal (gum) and tooth health, leading to tooth loss. Conclusions Despite reports in the past of poor oral health amongst adults with intellectual disabilities, and despite it being preventable, there remains a high burden of poor oral health. This highlights the need to raise awareness, and for polices on effective daily oral care, and appropriate service provision. The importance of oral health and its possible negative sequelae needs to be elevated amongst carers and professionals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health of adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review

Ward

Cooper

Hughes-McCormack

et al. 2019

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…Data were collected using a pretested structured interview-administered questionnaire adapted from the WHO oral health survey tool and other literature [ 10 , 15 , 17 , 18 ]. In the very beginning, the tool was prepared in English and then translated into the local Amharic language.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral diseases pose a major health burden for many countries and affect people throughout their lifetime, causing pain, discomfort, disfigurement, and even death [ 3 ]. People with a disability may have worse oral health than those without disabilities; this might not only cause physical problems, but it can also have a far-reaching impact since poor oral health can hurt self-esteem, quality of life, and general health [ 10 ]. Moreover, oral diseases and conditions have serious health and economic burden, particularly among school-age children and adolescents [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental health problems and treatment-seeking behavior among special need school students in Amhara region, Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Background Oral diseases are a public health concern with a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals. Children with special needs face significant challenges in carrying out oral hygiene due to their disability, and they are more prone to poor oral health and illnesses. This study assessed dental health problems and treatment-seeking behaviors of special needs school students in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021, in eight special needs schools located in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 443 randomly selected special needs students were included. Data were collected using a structured interview-administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with oral health problems and treatment-seeking behavior. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results The prevalence of self-reported dental health problems and treatment-seeking behaviors among special needs school students was 46.1% (95% CI: 41.4%, 50.7%) and 60.3% (95% CI: 53.4%, 66.8%), respectively. Place of residence, grade level, religious affiliation, years lived with disability, and knowledge of dental health-related risk behaviors were associated with dental health problems. Whereas, place of residence, being hearing impaired, and having prior information about dental health problems were associated with dental treatment-seeking behavior. Conclusions A significant number of special needs students reported dental problems and about 40% of them did not seek dental treatment. Oral hygiene practice and access to dental care services are important in the prevention of dental problems. Hence, oral hygiene promotion programs focusing on oral hygiene practice and dental treatment services are needed in special needs schools. It is also strongly suggested to incorporate oral health related information in health-related academic lessons to enhance optimum oral health among special needs students.

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“…The questionnaire was adopted from the WHO Oral Health Survey tool 14 and different kinds of the literature. 22 , 23 The tool was prepared in English and translated into the local language-Amharic. It was then translated back into English by two non-dental professionals, and the translated and original questionnaire was assessed if they achieve conceptual and semantic equivalence, and they did not require any further amendment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health Status of Hearing-Impaired Students Attending Special Need Schools in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Teshome¹,

Girma²,

Adane³

et al. 2022

CCIDE

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Background Oral health care is the most common unmet need among individuals with a disability. Individuals with a disability may have compromised oral health needs due to neglect from parents, socioeconomic problems, and communication barriers. In Ethiopia, there is a lack of data on oral health status of the hearing-impaired population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the oral health status of hearing-impaired students in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 on hearing-impaired students in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pretested interview administered questionnaire and clinical examination. Oral cavity was evaluated using the simplified oral hygiene index, decayed, missed and filled teeth, and community periodontal index. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26.0, and logistic regression analysis was done to identify the risk factors of dental caries and periodontal disease. Results A total of 149 hearing impaired students with an age range of 7–30 years were involved in the study. The prevalence of periodontal disease and dental caries was 22.8% (95% CI: 16.8, 30.4) and 38.9% (95% CI; 32.2, 46.9), respectively. Being grade 1–4 student (AOR = 3.94, 95%: 1.16, 13.38), lack of formal education (AOR = 4.98, 95% CI: 1.00, 24.65), dental caries (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.08) and bleeding on probing (AOR = 9.98, 95% CI: 3.69, 26.64) were statistically significant with periodontal disease. Grade level, parents’ support during brushing, oral health status, and medication intake were independent factors for dental caries. Conclusion In the present study, a significant number of hearing-impaired students had periodontal disease and dental caries. School oral health programs and caregivers assisted oral hygiene practices are essential to combat oral health problems in hearing-impaired students. Moreover, a nationwide prospective study with a large sample size will be required to reflect the oral health status of hearing-impaired individuals in the country.

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Disability and Oral Health

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Oral health of adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review

Oral health of adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review

Dental health problems and treatment-seeking behavior among special need school students in Amhara region, Ethiopia

Oral Health Status of Hearing-Impaired Students Attending Special Need Schools in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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