Disability and socio-economic impact of mental disorders in the state of Punjab, India: Findings from national mental health survey, 2015–2016

Abstract

Mental illness causes disability in the individual and has tremendous socio-economic impact on the family, incapacitating a family's productivity to a large extent and thus affecting the society.

Mental distress and its association with sociodemographic and economic characteristics: community-based household survey in Aceh, Indonesia

“…33 Surprisingly, our results show that individuals with CMD reported better family functioning regarding affective involvement and behaviour control compared with their unaffected counterparts. This contradicts findings from studies in other countries; [6][7][8]35 it is unclear whether this difference stems from the fact that our study is population-based, whereas all other studies compare clinical and non-clinical samples or only consider the affected population. Further studies on a similar topic might consider comparing the condition of the participants in clinical and community settings.…”

“…In line with the literature, our study indicates that people with CMD are affected in their productivity and physical well-being. 4,5,[9][10][11][12]35,36 Their daily activities are more severely disturbed by negative emotions, but this is attributed to physical problems; in addition, they are twice as likely to have health complaints. Compared with other people who sought treatment, participants with CMD faced twice the treatment costs.…”

Perceived Stress, Depression and Alcohol Use Disorders in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socio-Economic Dimension

“…The items of the PSS tool included the following categories: never (0), almost never (1), sometimes (2), often (3), very often (4), within which the resulting score was the sum of the coding values (low stress (0-13), moderate stress (14-26), high stress (27-40)). The PHQ 9 items were composed of the following categories: not at all (0), several days (1), more than half the days (2), nearly every day (3), and the resulting score was the sum of the coding values (none (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderately severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), severe (20-27) depression). The AUDIT items were numerically scored from 0 to 4, and the resulting score was the sum of the individual items, which was transformed into zones representing the intensity of alcohol use disorders (Zone I: alcohol education (0-7), Zone II: simple advice (8-15), Zone III: simple advice plus brief counselling and continued monitoring (16)(17)(18)(19), Zone IV: referral to specialist for diagnostic evaluation and treatment (20-40)).…”

“…Last but not least, it is possible to consider mental and behavioural disorders in terms of their socio-economic consequences, which affect individuals, their families, but also society as a whole. The economic burden of these disorders is considerable, which is reflected in increased direct and indirect costs, such as lost productivity and health-related costs [11][12][13][14][15][16]18,19]. For these reasons, stress, depression and alcohol consumption should not be taken lightly in society and should not be overlooked.…”

“…Thus, this issue can also be considered from a socio-economic point of view. In this context, it has been confirmed that the mental illness of individuals is an economic burden, especially for families, both in terms of treatment costs and in terms of reducing their productivity, which affects society [11]. According to Dewa and McDaid [12], people with mental disorders have fewer employment opportunities and poor mental health affects their ability to do their job.…”