Disability Caused by Brain Wounds: A Review of 1,166 Cases

Wr, Russell

doi:10.1136/jnnp.14.1.35

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In contrast, in the total group of over 200 men who have attended for follow-up in the Oxford study, there has been one suicide and one attempted suicide. In his earlier 5-year follow-up of 1,166 cases, Russell (1951) reported two deaths from suicide.…”

Section: Psychological Outcomementioning

confidence: 96%

Very Late Outcome After Focal Wartime Brain Wounds

Newcombe

1996

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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This paper reviews outcome studies of wartime head-injury in Europe and North America. These include Goldstein's major but neglected contribution. intensive clinical and experimental studies of World War I veterans, in which he emphasizes the need for rehabilitation and community care. The present paper reports a follow-up, in Oxford U.K., of a cohort of World War II veterans drawn from over a thousand head-injured servicemen admitted to St Hugh's Military Hospital in Oxford, usually within one to two days of wounding. This cohort was initially examined in 1963 and thereafter until the present day. Behavioural outcome is remarkably good. Cognitive data show a striking preservation of ability in the group as a whole, despite previously reported selective impairments related to specific loci of lesion. Psychiatric illness is rare; and there is little difference in self-report on rating scales between the veterans and a carefully recruited, age-matched control panel. This positive outcome is attributed to a number of factors, including the psychosocial context of World War II for British servicemen, the expert and systematic medical care that commenced within hours of wounding, and the positive attitude of the civilian population. It reinforces the crucial importance of after-care.

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Section: Psychological Outcomementioning

confidence: 96%

Very Late Outcome After Focal Wartime Brain Wounds

Newcombe

1996

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…So far as the general distribution of wounds is concerned, in this series one of us (Russell, 1947) has previously suggested that injury to inhibitory (suppressor) areas might be especially epileptogenic, since this might result in a removal of some degree of normal inhibition from all areas with neuronal 97 by copyright. connexions from the damaged area.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These will be studied in their varying forms in a later section. One of us (Russell, 1951) in a preliminary reference to some of these figures has drawn attention to the tendency for a one-toone ratio to develop between the total numbers of cases of brain wound which do and do not develop fits. Further, Penfield (1952) refers to the cure-rate of traumatic epilepsy by operative excision of a brain scar or focus as about the same (50%).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in Traumatic Epilepsy: I. Factors Influencing the Incidence of Epilepsy After Brain Wounds

Russell¹,

Whitty²

1952

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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There is no doubt that epilepsy presents a valuable means of studying cerebral function. Apart from the problem of what factors cause the abnormal neuronal discharge which constitutes the fit, the pattern of attack can give information about the function of the area concerned when the site of injury is known. For this purpose the study of cases of post-traumatic epilepsy following the small penetrating brain wounds of modern warfare is of special value. In this type of injury high velocity metal fragments often cut into the brain without disturbing consciousness, or " explode " a group of bone fragments for a distance of a few centimetres into the brain, while the metal fragment glances away. In either case a highly localized lesion often results, and thanks to the advances of surgery and of the use of antibiotic drugs, most of these wounds were quickly rendered sterile and healed by first intention after debridement. The evidence for localization in these small wounds is often precise, and this can be correlated with the content and sequence of events in an epileptic fit. When the wound produces a recognizable neurological deficit, the behaviour of this during the attack can also provide information. For all these reasons traumatic epilepsy has been a constant source of interest, and after the first world war gave rise to many special studies both as regards the incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy and the clinical features of the fits.The study presented here is concerned with a follow-up of 820 surviving cases of penetrating brain wound suffered during the second world war by British service personnel. During the second war a special effort was made to collect accurate information of cases of brain wounds. The records of this group of cases are carefully preserved and a follow-up system has been kept in operation ever since, by means of a Head Injury Advice Bureau. The records must to some extent depend on postal enquiry, which includes a detailed questionnaire about the fits completed by witnesses, but doubtful cases are re-admitted for further study, and Ministry of Penisons documents are available for consultation. The evidence available as to the nature of faints or fits has been sifted by the writers themselves, and a decision as to the nature of " attacks " has been made on their clinical features, as this is still by far the most reliable method of diagnosis. Electroencephalographic evidence was excluded from the assessment.

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“…3 Other PHI studies have found an association between frontal and temporal lesions and PTE. 36,37 Conversely, one study of CHI and PHI found no correlation between lesion site and PTE. 38 There have been reports of an increased incidence of later-onset PTE in those with bilateral parietal lesions, suggesting a possible timedependent process occurring in certain subtypes of PTE.…”

Section: Associations With Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%