Disability, Frailty and Depression in the community-dwelling older adults with Osteosarcopenia

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in the over 60-year-old community and to evaluate whether osteosarcopenia is associated with disability, frailty and depression. Methods This study was performed using the baseline data of Namgaram-2, among the 1010 surveyed subjects, 885 study subjects who were 60 years or older and had all necessary tests performed were selected. The Kaigo-Yobo checklist (frailty), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korean (GDSSF-K) were used. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) were applied in this study. Osteopenia was measured using data from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and osteopenia was diagnosed when the T-score was less than − 1.0. The study subjects were divided into four groups: the normal group, in which both sarcopenia and osteopenia were undiagnosed, osteopenia only, sarcopenia only and the osteosarcopenia group, which was diagnosed with both sarcopenia and osteopenia. Results Of the 885 subjects over 60 years old evaluated, the normal group comprised 34.0%, the only osteopenia group 33.7%, the only sarcopenia group 13.1%, and the osteosarcopenia group 19.2%. WHODAS (17.5, 95% CI: 14.8-20.1), Kaigo-Yobo (3.0, 95% CI: 2.6-3.4), and GDSSF mean score (4.6, 95% CI: 3.9-5.4) were statistically significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group compared the other groups. Partial eta squared (ηp2) of WHODAS (0.199) and Kaigo-Yobo (0.148) values ​​according to Osteosarcopenia were large, and GDSSF (0.096) was medium Conclusions Osteosarcopenia is a relatively common disease group in the older adults community that may cause deterioration of health outcomes. Therefore, when evaluating osteopenia or sarcopenia in the older adults, management of those in both disease groups should occur together.

Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review on Clinical Studies

“…The latter was also highlighted by Reiss and colleagues [ 40 ] and Okayama and colleagues [ 41 ] who add low quality of life as a risk factor for OS. Park [ 42 ] found that osteosarcopenic patients have greater frailty and disabilities in everyday life and worse depression. The results of another study [ 43 ] reinforced the above risk factors with osteosarcopenic patients preesnting as older and frailer with a lower BMI, fat and muscle mass, handgrip strength, and T-score compared to non-osteosarcopenic patients.…”

Individual and Synergistic Relationships of Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Function with Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults

“…In contrast, Han et al [ 35 ] showed that low handgrip strength was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in socially deprived Korean older adults. In a recent study involving 885 community-dwelling older adults, Park et al [ 36 ] found that osteosarcopenia, which was defined as the presence of low bone mineral density in addition to low ASM and low MF, was significantly associated with health problems such as disability, frailty, and depression. Together, the findings from the current and previous studies have showed that loss of MF or, preferably, the coexistence of low ASM and low MF is a better predictor of depression in geriatric populations, supporting the use of the sarcopenia criteria recommended by the AWGS [ 6 , 19 ].…”

Influencing Factors and Molecular Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease

“…Patients with osteosarcopenia have an increased risk of falls and fractures, resulting in a poor quality of life and increased mortality [ 81 , 82 ]. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults is 8.4 %, 12.7%, and 19.2 % in Japan, China, and Korea, respectively [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In a Korean study of patients aged ≥60 years with hip fractures, the prevalence of osteosarcopenia was 28.7%, and the 1-year mortality of osteosarcopenia (15.1%) was higher than that of the normal (7.8%), osteoporosis-alone (5.1%), and sarcopenia-alone (10.3%) groups [ 83 ].…”

“…In a Korean study of patients aged ≥60 years with hip fractures, the prevalence of osteosarcopenia was 28.7%, and the 1-year mortality of osteosarcopenia (15.1%) was higher than that of the normal (7.8%), osteoporosis-alone (5.1%), and sarcopenia-alone (10.3%) groups [ 83 ]. Furthermore, patients with osteosarcopenia had higher scores for disability, frailty, and depression than those without it [ 13 ]. A recent pooled analysis of the aging general population demonstrated that osteosarcopenia increases the risk of fractures [odds ratio (OR), 2.46], falls (OR, 1.62), and mortality (OR, 1.66) [ 84 ].…”

“…Several studies revealed a close relationship between sarcopenia and osteoporosis in community-dwelling older adults. This finding has fueled the concept of osteosarcopenia, defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. These two musculoskeletal disorders affect each other and share a common genetic, mechanical, and biochemical pathophysiology [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”