Disadvantage, self-control, and health

Adler, Nancy E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1512781112

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The AIM program is a universal, family‐based, substance use preventive intervention focusing on enhancing self‐control processes (Brody et al, 2012). Young adults able to demonstrate good self‐control have been shown to have better health (Adler, 2015), and it was hypothesized that Black youth with better self‐control would be less likely to become involved with substance use and other risky behaviors across the transition to adulthood than would similar youths who evinced lower levels of self‐control. In particular, after leaving high school and home, if youth confront difficulties related to reduced economic opportunities and resources for employment or continuing education, youth with high self‐control may persist in achievement‐oriented activity, whereas others who see no pathway to future attainment of life goals may respond with increased drinking, marijuana use, or other substance use, and may increasingly affiliate with deviant peers who reinforce this pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention effects on self‐control decrease speed of biological aging mediated by changes in substance use: A longitudinal study of African American youth

2021

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Biological aging is a common root for multiple diseases causing morbidity and mortality, and trajectories of aging may start early in life. This study was designed to examine whether a universal family‐based substance use preventive intervention to enhance self‐control and reduce substance use would also result in reductions in biological aging among Black youth from the rural South. The Adults in the Making (AIM) program is a randomized controlled trial with six 2‐h sessions for Black youth. The 216 youths agreeing to provide blood at age 22 included 114 who had received the AIM intervention and 102 who assigned to the control group. We examined accelerated DNA methylation (DNAm)‐based aging using a recently developed measure, “GrimAge,” that has been shown to predict the risk of early mortality and that is known to be more strongly affected by substance use than other DNAm‐based aging indices. Relative to those randomly assigned to the control group, those receiving the intervention demonstrated significantly enhanced self‐control, slower increases in substance use, and reduced Grim aging at age 22. Using a bootstrapping method with 1000 replications, we found a significant indirect effect of AIM on reduced Grim aging through its effect on self‐control and substance use. Sensitivity analyses examined effects using other indices of DNAm‐based aging. These findings suggest that a family‐based program designed to enhance rural Black youth's self‐control can have beneficial effects on self‐control, enhancing young adult health and health behavior, and ultimately decreased mortality risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention effects on self‐control decrease speed of biological aging mediated by changes in substance use: A longitudinal study of African American youth

2021

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“…The current approaches to health behavior change are heavily reliant on personal agency and the belief that outcomes are a consequence of one's own behavior, defined as an internal locus of control (LOC; Goldberg, 2012;Rotter, 1966). However, it is well documented that for people with low SES, events and circumstances are largely perceived as being controlled by fate, destiny, chance or powerful others (authority figures) defined as an external LOC (Adler, 2015;Angelova, 2016;Culpin, Stapinski, Miles, Araya, & Joinson, 2015;Rotter, 1966). What has not been examined is the influence of low SES on global perceptions of control and interventions that can increase healthy behavior in populations with external control beliefs.…”

Section: Journal Of Social Behavioral and Health Sciences 116mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stephenson Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences 117 nonadherence to medical regimens, and health-screening avoidance continues to increase the risk of illness and premature death in this already vulnerable population (Cobb-Clark et al, 2014;Moy, Garcia, Bastian, Rossen & Ingram, 2017). Low SES and poverty are believed to create a perception of powerlessness and decrease one's motivation to prevent negative events or circumstances (Adler, 2015;Angelova, 2016). Low SES during childhood often creates a time full of uncertainty and adversity, which has been shown to effect the persistence needed to sustain a health behavior change such as exercise or smoking cessation (Braveman, Cubbin, Egerter, Williams, & Pamuk, 2010;Mittal & Griskevicius, 2014;Turiano, Silva, McDonald, & Hill, 2017).…”

Section: Journal Of Social Behavioral and Health Sciences 116mentioning

confidence: 99%

Locus of Control and Health Promotion for Marginalized Populations

Stephenson-Hunter

Dardeck

2019

JSBHS

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Socioeconomic health disparities in the United States have remained largely unchanged for decades. This remains the case even for preventable illness and disease. Current health behavior theories and interventions rely on the perception of control over one’s fate to achieve desired behavior. In low-income and other marginalized populations, however, hopelessness and the perception of having limited control may make interventions less effective. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the role of the locus of control (LOC) as defined by the degree to which one believes outcomes are determined by external forces such as chance or authority figures as an adaptive response to poverty. Using cross-sectional survey methodology, 136 U.S. adult participants were recruited through snowball sampling to anonymously complete measures of the Multidimensional Locus of Control, the Health Promoting Lifestyles II, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Hierarchical regression and bivariate analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Study results found that chance LOC mediated the relationship between socioeconomics and health lifestyles, while it was as associated with less healthy lifestyle choices than external authority figures (powerful others). Internal LOC was not found to provide any psychological protection from anxiety and depression for low socioeconomic populations. Recommendations included the need for additional studies to understand the role of LOC as it relates to health beliefs, behavior, and psychological well-being of marginalized populations.

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“…In the cell division of E. coli, a division septum is formed at the mid-zone of the cell. Adler et al found E. coli mutants that could not produce a septum at the mid-zone and generated minicells [1]. Later, it was found that the min proteins: MinC, MinD, and MinE play important roles to determine the mid-zone [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Model of Cell Proliferation of Bacteria Using Min Oscillation

Sakaguchi

Kawasaki

2019

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

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A mathematical model of Min oscillation in Escherichia coli is numerically studied. The oscillatory state and hysteretic transition are explained with simpler coupled differential equations. Next, we propose a simple model of cell growth and division using the Min oscillation. The cell cycle is not constant but exhibits fluctuation in the deterministic model. Finally, we perform direct numerical simulation of cell assemblies composed of many cells obeying the simple growth and division model. As the cell number increases with time, the spatial distribution of cell assembly becomes more circular, although the cells are aligned almost in the x-direction.

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Disadvantage, self-control, and health

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Intervention effects on self‐control decrease speed of biological aging mediated by changes in substance use: A longitudinal study of African American youth

Intervention effects on self‐control decrease speed of biological aging mediated by changes in substance use: A longitudinal study of African American youth

Locus of Control and Health Promotion for Marginalized Populations

A Simple Model of Cell Proliferation of Bacteria Using Min Oscillation

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