Disappearance of Differences in Nutrient Intake Across Two Local Cultures in Japan: A Comparison between Tokyo and Kyoto.

Abstract

Nutritional survey was conducted in a winter season of 1992 3 by collecting seventy-one 24-hour food duplicate samples from three groups of middle-aged women (22 to 25 subjects per group) in traditional residential areas in the cities of Tokyo (two groups) and Kyoto (one group), two cultural centers in Japan known to have different food customs. The analysis in terms of intake of nutrients such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, minerals, vitamins and fibers did not show significant difference among the three groups studied. Sodium chloride intake also did not differ. Daily consumption of food materials (evaluated as classified in terms of, e.g., cereals, meat, fish and vegetables) was similar. Relative weight of three meals and snacks in energy intake did not vary among the groups. Consumption of milk and bread as indicators of intake of non-traditional food was also comparable among the groups. The observation as a whole suggests that the different food custom once known to be present between the two local cultures is no longer detectable. Nationwide extensive transport of food materials is discussed as one of possible causes.

Nutrient intake of working women in Bangkok, Thailand, as studied by total food duplicate method

“…The ®ndings are in a sharp contrast to the observation in Japan (Yamada et al, 1996) and in Mainland China (Zhang et al, 1997b) where dinner was the most substantial meal of the day. It appears that a heavy lunch and snacks are common food habits in southeast Asia (in cities at least), because the same habits were observed also in Manila and in Kuala Lumpur (Shimbo et al, 1996b).…”

“…(Shimbo et al, 1996aYamada et al, 1996;Moon et al, 1997;Zhang et al, 1997a), where people are not accustomed to take milk or organ meats (such as liver and kidney). In parallel with historical de®ciency issues, new problems associated with excess food intake such as obesity have also been gradually emerging in Asia after modernization and economic growth (INCLEN Multicentre Collaborative Group, 1992;Mo-suwan et al, 1993).…”

Possible effects of environmental cadmium exposure on kidney function in the Japanese general population

“…The procedures for collecting food-duplicate samples (i.e. three meals, snacks and any drinks, including fresh water) were previously detailed (Yamada et al 1996;Shimbo et al 1996a, b). After the weight of each food item was recorded, all items in a sample were combined and homogenized.…”

Estimates of mineral intakes using food composition tables vs measures by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Part 1. calcium, phosphorus and iron

“…The study sites were mostly in cities, but villages were also included in the case of China (Mainland) and Japan. The protocol for collecting the food duplicate samples was previously described in detail (Watanabe et al, 1992;Shimbo et al, 1993Shimbo et al, , 1994Shimbo et al, , 1995Shimbo et al, , 1996bShimbo et al, ,c,d,e, 1997Yamada et al, 1996;Moon et al, 1997;Qu et al, 1997;Zhang et al, 1997b;Nakatsuka et al, 1998). In brief, each woman who volunteered to donate her food duplicate was instructed to cook ordinary foods (no special dishes) on the day of the survey, and requested to collect all food items (three meals of the day, snacks and drinks (alcoholic or soft, even fresh water if taken)) consumed in a given 24 h period at the same amount and in the same way (for example, with use of mayonnaise, soybean sauce, dips and topping, etc.)…”