Disappearance of Pacific Water in the northwestern Fram Strait

Falck, Eva; Kattner, Gerhard; Budéus, Gereon

doi:10.1029/2005gl023400

Cited by 62 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The most Pacific Water was found in 1998 and none in 2004 and 2005. This has been linked to temporary changes in the pathways of Pacific Water (Falck et al, 2005) and the strength of the Beaufort Gyre (Proshutinsky et al, 2009). As fractions of net sea ice melt were largely negative in all sections, this water mass in the outflow from the Arctic was most strongly influenced by brine from ice formation.…”

Section: Liquid Freshwater Components In the Western Fram Straitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different freshwater components have been identified from measurements of salinity and water sample analysis of certain tracers: to separate Pacific Water, the ratio of nitrate to (Jones et al, 1998;Falck et al, 2005;Yamamoto-Kawai et al, 2006). River water and precipitation (meteoric water) as well as sea ice melt and brine from ice formation have been distinguished by the isotopic composition of oxygen (Østlund and Hut, 1984;Bauch et al, 1995;Melling and Moore, 1995;Macdonald et al, 1995;Yamamoto-Kawai et al, 2005;Lansard et al, 2012).…”

Section: Tracers and Freshwater In The Arctic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on previous work (Bauch et al, 1995;Falck et al, 2005;Jones et al, 2008b), Dodd et al (2012) estimated the contributions of different water masses to liquid freshwater variability near 79 • N in the Western Fram Strait between 1998 and 2011. Dodd et al (2012) extended the work by Meredith et al (2001), Dodd et al (2009) and Rabe et al (2009), adding further years of observations and distinguishing Pacific Water fractions (concentrations) by considering nutrient measurements in addition to δ 18 O and salinity.…”

Section: Liquid Freshwater Components In the Western Fram Straitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998–2011

et al. 2013

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Abstract. We estimated the magnitude and composition of southward liquid freshwater transports in the East Greenland Current near 79 • N in the Western Fram Strait between 1998 and 2011. Previous studies have found this region to be an important pathway for liquid freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic subpolar gyre.Our transport estimates are based on six hydrographic surveys between June and September and concurrent data from moored current meters. We combined concentrations of liquid freshwater, meteoric water (river water and precipitation), sea ice melt and brine from sea ice formation, and Pacific Water, presented in Dodd et al. (2012), with volume transport estimates from an inverse model. The average of the monthly snapshots of southward liquid freshwater transports between 10.6 • W and 4 • E is 100 ± 23 mSv (3160 ± 730 km 3 yr −1 ), relative to a salinity of 34.9. This liquid freshwater transport consists of about 130 % water from rivers and precipitation (meteoric water), 30 % freshwater from the Pacific, and −60 % (freshwater deficit) due to a mixture of sea ice melt and brine from sea ice formation.Pacific Water transports showed the highest variation in time, effectively vanishing in some of the surveys. Comparison of our results to the literature indicates that this was due to atmospherically driven variability in the advection of Pacific Water along different pathways through the Arctic Ocean. Variations in most liquid freshwater component transports appear to have been most strongly influenced by changes in the advection of these water masses to the Fram Strait. However, the local dynamics represented by the volume transports influenced the liquid freshwater component transports in individual years, in particular those of sea ice melt and brine from sea ice formation.Our results show a similar ratio of the transports of meteoric water and net sea ice melt as previous studies.

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Section: Liquid Freshwater Components In the Western Fram Straitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tracers and Freshwater In The Arctic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liquid Freshwater Components In the Western Fram Straitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998–2011

et al. 2013

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“…10). These differences have been used to track Pacificderived Arctic waters into the Atlantic sub-Arctic (Jones et al, 1998;Falck et al, 2005). While the nutrient concentrations are higher in the Pacific, the higher volume transports from the Atlantic probably result in a higher nutrient flux into the Arctic from the latter.…”

Section: Impacts Of Advection On Primary Production In Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pacific Water, which enters through Bering Strait, tends to remain in the upper layers (<200 m) of the Arctic owing to its density being less than that of the Atlantic Water of the Canada Basin. Pacific Water eventually flows south out through Fram Strait into the Greenland Sea (Falck et al, 2005) or through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and into the Labrador Sea (Jones et al, 2003), in both cases influencing sub-Arctic regions (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Physical Conditions and Circulation In The Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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Arctic Ocean basin liquid freshwater storage trend 1992–2012

Rabe

Kärcher

Kauker

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

171

211

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Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean plays an important role in the regional ocean circulation, sea ice, and global climate. From salinity observed by a variety of platforms, we are able, for the first time, to estimate a statistically reliable liquid freshwater trend from monthly gridded fields over all upper Arctic Ocean basins. From 1992 to 2012 this trend was 600±300 km3 yr−1. A numerical model agrees very well with the observed freshwater changes. A decrease in salinity made up about two thirds of the freshwater trend and a thickening of the upper layer up to one third. The Arctic Ocean Oscillation index, a measure for the regional wind stress curl, correlated well with our freshwater time series. No clear relation to Arctic Oscillation or Arctic Dipole indices could be found. Following other observational studies, an increased Bering Strait freshwater import to the Arctic Ocean, a decreased Davis Strait export, and enhanced net sea ice melt could have played an important role in the freshwater trend we observed.

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Disappearance of Pacific Water in the northwestern Fram Strait

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Liquid export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998–2011

Liquid export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998–2011

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Arctic Ocean basin liquid freshwater storage trend 1992–2012

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