Disaster resilience and sustainability of incarceration infrastructures: A review of the literature

Glade, Sara; Niles, Skye; Roudbari, Shawhin; Pezzullo, Phaedra C.; Dashti, Shideh; Liel, Abbie B.; Miller, Shawn W.

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103190

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Echoing others, Colucci et al conceptualized the hazards of extreme heat in carceral spaces as form of “thermal (in)equity” and urged geographers, epidemiologists, and environmental scientists to forge partnerships to advance science and formulate intersectoral interventions for preventing and redressing associated harms. Our methods, alongside previous studies, provide insights into the promises of merging climatological, carceral, and other sources of data to carry out such studies and visualize hot spots for emergent environmental injustices …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Heat and Suicide Watch Incidents Among Incarcerated Men

et al. 2023

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ImportanceExtreme heat poses a distinct risk to the 2.1 million incarcerated people in the United States, who have disparately high rates of behavioral health conditions. Suicide is a leading cause of death among people in prisons.ObjectiveTo examine associations of extreme heat, solitary confinement, and an indicator of suicidal behaviors among incarcerated men in a Deep South US prison system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal case series panel study included adult men in prisons in Louisiana, a state with one of the largest prison systems in the United States that has been engaged in litigation due to lack of air conditioning and extreme heat. The unit of analysis was prison facility-days. A facility-level data set was created by merging administrative data files, which included demographic characteristics, health classification, housing location and movement, disciplinary records, and involvement in suicide-watch incidents for all incarcerated men in Louisiana during the observation period. Individual-level variables were aggregated to facility-days to merge in daily maximum heat index data from the US Local Climatological Data, which were linked to the zip codes of prisons. The observation period was January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Data set construction occurred from August 2020 to September 2022, and analysis was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023.ExposureThe focal exposure was extreme heat days. Daily maximum heat index data were categorized into 6 bins (&lt;30 °F, 30-39 °F, 40-49 °F, 50-59 °F, 70-79 °F, and ≥80 °F) and as an indicator for any facility-day where the maximum heat index exceeded the 90th percentile of heat indices for total days in observation period. Conditional fixed-effects negative binomial regression models were used to calculate incident rate ratios to test associations between extreme heat and suicide watch incidents, while controlling for covariates.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe focal outcome was daily count of suicide watch incidents that were recorded in a carceral system database. Covariates included daily percentages of incarcerated persons at each prison with serious mental illness diagnosis, daily rate of solitary confinement, and total facility population.ResultsThe sample of 6 state-operated prisons provided 6576 facility-days for the analysis. Results suggest a dose-responsive association between extreme heat and daily counts of suicide-watch incidents; compared with days with temperatures between 60 and 69 °F, the rate of daily suicide incidents increased by 29% when the heat index reached the level of caution (ie, 80-89 °F) and by 36% when reaching extreme caution (90-103 °F) (80-89 °F: incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.43; P &lt; .001; 90-103 °F: IRR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15-1.61; P &lt; .001). Compared with other days, those with the extreme heat indicator were significantly associated with a 30% increase in the incident rate of daily suicide-watch incidents (IRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.18-1.45; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings suggest an association between extreme heat and an indicator of suicidality among an incarcerated sample, contribute to an emerging literature exploring linkages between climatological events and health outcomes in prisons, and may have implications for legal interventions and advocacy seeking to abate heat-induced morbidity and mortality in carceral contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Heat and Suicide Watch Incidents Among Incarcerated Men

et al. 2023

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“…As noted above, prisons and jails are overcrowded,36 have poor ventilation,37 and have inadequate labor policies for incarcerated workers 17. Furthermore, few academic publications, administrative data, or policy documents are available to help predict and ameliorate the effect of factors such as extreme temperatures in carceral settings or an increase in climate disasters that may affect the health of prisoners and the prison environment 38…”

Section: Future Crisis Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 in US jails and prisons: implications for the next public health crisis

LeMasters,

Brinkley-Rubinstein

2024

BMJ

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“…Disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity in the United States and worldwide. The catastrophes, amplified by climate change, result in wildfires, floods, storms, and extreme temperatures (Glade et al, 2022). Research shows that prisons and prisoners are vulnerable to disasters, yet prisons are not prepared to respond to disasters or recover from them.…”

Section: Disasters Extreme Weather and The Vulnerability Of Placementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prisons are legally responsible for their inmates' welfare. However, if facilities do not have enough personnel, and resources, or do not have plans in place for disasters, then they might be inadequately prepared to provide for the thousands of inmates in their care (Glade et al, 2022;Savilonis, 2014). Increasingly, inmates are turning to the courts to help them hold prisons accountable for injury and illness they suffer during extreme heat, cold waves, and other weather events they experience while incarcerated (Holt, 2015).…”

Section: Disasters Extreme Weather and The Vulnerability Of Placementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inmates in state prisons are usually paid between 14 cents and 63 cents per hour to work in correctional facilities (maintenance, kitchens, and groundskeeping). They are typically paid between 33 cents and $1.41 per hour for work in the correctional industries that use prison labor to manufacture products such as clothing and electronics (Glade et al, 2022; Purdum & Meyer, 2020; Thompson, 2012).…”

Section: Ejpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prisons, Jails, and the Environment: Why Environmentalists Should Care About Mass Incarceration?

Taylor

2023

American Behavioral Scientist

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This article examines the relationship between mass incarceration and environmental inequalities. The United States incarcerates more people than any other country, and incarceration is highly racialized. The article discusses how prisons are settler colonial ecosystems that produce injustice. Prisons are located close to hazardous sites and in areas prone to extreme weather events. Food insecurity is also commonplace in jails. The article introduces concepts such as carceral food justice and carceral food sovereignty to recognize the unique circumstances that inmates experience in their quest to acquire healthy, affordable, adequate, and culturally desirable food.

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Disaster resilience and sustainability of incarceration infrastructures: A review of the literature

Cited by 17 publications

References 62 publications

Extreme Heat and Suicide Watch Incidents Among Incarcerated Men

Extreme Heat and Suicide Watch Incidents Among Incarcerated Men

Covid-19 in US jails and prisons: implications for the next public health crisis

Prisons, Jails, and the Environment: Why Environmentalists Should Care About Mass Incarceration?

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