Discerning the circularity of the plastic industry in Bangladesh through the lens of material flow analysis

Siddique, Shaiyan; Roy, Bidhan Bhuson; Zaman, Sabrina; Khan, Ayushi; Alam, Md Asef Al; Chowdhury, Rubel Biswas; Farhana, Biswas Karabi; Hossain, Mohammad Mosharraf; Murakami, Shinsuke; Sujauddin, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.spc.2022.08.001

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…First, in the economic theory of that time, the only possible unemployment was voluntary. The second that the increase in the mass of merchandise produced with the machine found its outlet in foreign trade, towards a planet that was beginning to move away from artisanal production, making it possible to continue creating companies and employment without the imbalance appearing (Siddique et al, 2022).…”

Section: Results and Discussion 1 Higher Production With Less Employm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Its Impact on the Preparation of the Workforce by Universities in Indonesia

Amin

Jihan²,

Sulistyo

et al. 2023

Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen

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Technological developments cause very significant changes in how goods and services are produced. This then causes changes in the ability needs of the community in the world of work. Higher education, as one of the educational institutions before plunging into the world of work, has an essential role in preparing this workforce. This study aims to see how the industrial revolution 4.0 affects the preparation of the workforce in Indonesia by universities. This research will be carried out using a qualitative approach. The data used in this research comes from the results of previous research and studies which still have relevance to the content of this research. This research finds that there is a debate some experts think that the total number of workers in the world will decrease, while others believe the number will remain the same. However, there is agreement that this will affect the education system, where the type of learning must change according to the needs of skills and knowledge that exist in the future so that people in the future can work according to the needs of the industry at that time.

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Section: Results and Discussion 1 Higher Production With Less Employm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Its Impact on the Preparation of the Workforce by Universities in Indonesia

Amin

Jihan²,

Sulistyo

et al. 2023

Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen

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“…recycling export industry has been considered as a "thrust sector" with highest priority in Bangladesh "Export Policy 2018-2021". Presently, contribution of the plastic product is estimated to be 1% of the GDP with as many as 5000 firms around the country operating in the sector while 98 per cent of it is small and medium sized firms (Razzaque et al, 2020;Siddique et al, 2022). The baseline simulation shows that, the existing export quantity of medium and small scale recycling industry of Khulna contribute to 0.461 percent of the regional GDP during…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, managing plastic pollution is one of the most important provision for reaching the goal of an upper-middle income country by 2031. Furthermore, According to Siddique et al, (2022) Bangladesh recycled 362,332 tons of plastic for the assessment period of FY2019-2020 of which 90% has been done by the countries robust informal sectors. For this purpose the Word Bank report has formulated a blueprint with three phases until 2030, which is aligned with the National Action Plan for Bangladesh focusing on 3R strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A System Dynamics Based Policy Simulation Approach to Reduce Plastic Waste Flow for Inland and Riverine Area in Khulna City of Bangladesh

Rafew

Rafizul

Kraft

2023

Preprint

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A comprehensive analysis of regional plastic waste flow in both land and marine ecosystem is mandatory to tackle potential hindrance towards a cumulative sustainable growth accompanied with green taxonomy. The severity of plastic pollution in most of the coastal cities around the world are augmenting the plastic waste footprint not only in those land areas but also in the oceans and aquatic lives. This study has been conducted to shed lights on presently mismanaged flow of plastic waste in the coastal gateway city of Khulna and to develop effective policy measures for reducing the plastic waste footprint around the city. To achieve the stated goal, a system dynamics (SD) model has been constructed with numerous knitted factors that has a potential applicability beyond specific regional boundaries. Baseline simulation results show that the per capita plastic waste generation increases to 11.6 kg by 2040 from 8.92 Kg in 2023. Moreover, an extensive quantity of 69.7 thousand tons of piled up plastic waste at landfills along with a riverine discharge of 834 ton from the city side has given rise to the plastic waste footprint index (PWFI) value to 24 by 2040. Furthermore, the absence of technological initiatives is responsible for logarithmic rise of the non-recyclable plastic waste to 1.35 thousand tons. The annual turnover of recycle shops has been found decreasing from 381 million BDT to 245 million BDT by 2040, due to the shutting down of recycle shops. This study has also evaluated two policy scenarios to illustrate that preventing riverine plastic discharge, encouraging govt. incentives for recycle and manufacturing industries innovative techniques such as converting discarded plastic to manufacture end products is obligatory. In this regard policy 2 has been adequate enough from a sustainability perspective with lowest PWFI value of 1.07 with a per capita plastic waste generation of 10 kg by 2040. Finally, through sensitivity analysis the parameter boundary adequacy and robustness of developed SD model has been checked to suffice its efficient applicability for policy analysis to reduce plastic waste flow in identical spatiotemporal regions.

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“…To achieve sustainable production, consumption, and efficient resource consumption, it is necessary to understand the flow of plastics using an economy-wide approach [24]. Material flow analysis (MFA) of plastics has been conducted to analyze a detailed picture of the flow of general plastics in various countries, such as Austria [24], the Netherlands [25], India [26], Serbia [27], Thailand [28], South Africa [29], and Bangladesh [30]. These studies analyzed the flow of plastics from production and consumption to waste management, including recycling, in each country and revealed the percentage of plastic consumption by sector and landfill volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Intensity Analysis of Producing 21 Types of Plastic in Terms of Mining Activity

Umesaki,

Kosai,

Kashiwakura

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Material flow analysis of plastics has attracted considerable attention for achieving sustainable production and consumption. However, the direct weights of each plastic have been analyzed alone, not considering the amount of natural resources as inputs for plastic production. Therefore, we analyzed the cradle-to-gate resource intensity of 21 types of plastics in terms of mining activity, using the total material requirement under the life cycle concept. It was found that the resource use for plastic production differs by up to approximately 10 times depending on the plastic type. By applying these findings to the material flow analysis of some countries and regions, we found that the quantity of natural resources was more than 20 times the original weight attributed to plastic production. By comparing resource use with greenhouse gas emissions, plastics with higher greenhouse gas emissions were found to have higher resource use, indicating a positive correlation, whereas the opposite trend was also found for some plastics. Considering plastic alternatives, we found that the quantity of natural resources in plastic-based shopping bags is nearly equivalent to that in paper-based bags, whereas that in plastic-based straws is greater than that in paper-based bags. Focusing only on the direct weight of plastic may mislead the decision-making process.

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Discerning the circularity of the plastic industry in Bangladesh through the lens of material flow analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Its Impact on the Preparation of the Workforce by Universities in Indonesia

Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Its Impact on the Preparation of the Workforce by Universities in Indonesia

A System Dynamics Based Policy Simulation Approach to Reduce Plastic Waste Flow for Inland and Riverine Area in Khulna City of Bangladesh

Resource Intensity Analysis of Producing 21 Types of Plastic in Terms of Mining Activity

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