Discerning undifferentiated anxiety from syndromal anxiety in acute-phase schizophrenia

Naidu, Kalai; Staden, Werdie van; Fletcher, Lizelle

doi:10.1186/s12991-020-00277-4

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Anxiety in schizophrenia is common and may present concurrently both as a specified anxiety disorder and in an undifferentiated way [1]. The pooled prevalence rate of specified anxiety disorders in schizophrenia was 38.3% in a meta-analysis of 52 studies, which was higher than the 28.8% reported for the general population [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Undifferentiated anxiety may be understood as a constellation of clinically significant anxiety features that do not meet diagnostic criteria for any of the specified anxiety syndromes, for which the DSM-IV and DSM-5 respectively provide an anxiety disorder not otherwise specified and an unspecified anxiety disorder [5,6]. Undifferentiated anxiety may also be understood as an anxiety feature that is not specific to any one specified anxiety disorder [1]. Palpitations, hypervigilance, restlessness, trembling, and feelings of tension are examples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validity and Reliability of the Staden Schizophrenia Anxiety Rating Scale

2022

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In schizophrenia, none of the standard anxiety measures exhibit strong psychometric properties, and all performed poorly against quality assessment criteria. Developed for the schizophrenia population, this study examined the validity and reliability of the Staden Schizophrenia Anxiety Rating Scale (S-SARS) that measures both specified and undifferentiated anxiety. Among 353 schizophrenia patients, strong correlations with anxiety parameters supported the S-SARS’s convergent validity. Criterion-related validity testing yielded accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity rates of around 95%. Its discriminant validity was observed for measures of depression, psychosis, akathisia, fatigue, vigour, procrastination, behavioural inhibition and activation, and personal growth and initiative. Structural validity was found in a single-factor unidimensional model with a 0.953 factor score. Excellent results were found for internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.931; Spearman–Brown coefficient = 0.937; Guttman split-half coefficient = 0.928) and inter-rater reliability (Krippendorff’s alpha = 0.852). It incurred no more than a small error of measurement whereby the observed scores were within 1.54 to 3.58 of a true score on a zero to 50 scale. These strong psychometric properties suggest that the S-SARS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring specified and undifferentiated anxiety in schizophrenia, providing the means for the accurate measurement of anxiolytic treatment effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of the Staden Schizophrenia Anxiety Rating Scale

2022

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“…Anxiety is one of the prominent features observed among patients with schizophrenia. It often precedes and accompanies schizophrenia and is one of its risk factors (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). A metaanalysis of 52 studies showed that the prevalence rate of anxiety and related disorders in schizophrenia is 38.3% (2), and a recent study reported it to be higher, 45% (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After pooled analysis, the data demonstrated a better psychometric property. They approved its validity and reliability for measuring the specified and undifferentiated anxiety in schizophrenia patients, providing an accurate measurement of anxiolytic treatment effects ( 1 ). Considering this as a reference, we tried to introduce S-SARS use in Chinese patients to protect the prognostic of the patients better.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Staden schizophrenia anxiety rating scale

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Accurate assessment of anxiety disorders and their symptomatology in schizophrenic patients is important for prognosis and treatment. Measuring anxiety on the traditional anxiety assessment scales such as the Hamilton Anxiety Rating (HAMA) Scale or the self-rating depression scale (SAS) is challenging and often considered unsuitable for assessing anxiety symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The Staden schizophrenia anxiety rating scale (S-SARS) has been shown to reliably measure specified and undifferentiated anxiety in schizophrenia. The present study aims to test the reliability and validity of the S-SARS version, thereby facilitating Chinese psychiatrists in assessing anxiety symptoms in schizophrenic patients. A total of 300 patients meeting ICD-10 diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia were recruited by convenience sampling. We used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to evaluate the structural validity of S-SARS and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to acquire the cutoff point of S-SARS to define the severity of anxiety. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's and Krippendorff's α scores. 1-week test-retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Correlation analysis with HAMA was used to determine the Chinese version of S-SARS criterion validity. We have the following results: Our version of S-SARS showed Cronbach's α score as 0.899, Krippendorff's α as 0.874, and a correlation coefficient of 0.852 between S-SARS and HAMA. The EPA demonstrated that the contribution rate of major factors was 69.45%. All the items of S-SARS were located in one factor and showed a high factor load (0.415–0.837). The correlation coefficient of S-SARS and HAMA was 0.852. Our results indicated that Chinese version of S-SARS showed good constructive validity and reliability. It also showed better criterion validity compared to HAMA. The S-SARS and its Chinese version can thus serve as an effective tool for assessing anxiety symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

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“…16 In parallel, individuals with schizophrenia, especially those presenting in the acute phase, should be checked for unspecified anxiety disorder. 17 The results of relevant studies indicate that individuals with schizophrenia benefit from targeted interventions for anxiety disorder. 18 Previously, the diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder was limited to childhood and adolescence; however, the extension of timing for the onset of symptoms into adulthood, prolongation of the duration of symptoms to a minimum of six months, and modification of attachment figures to include children, spouse, and significant others has resulted in the categorization of adult separation anxiety disorder as a separate disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 (DSM-5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Childhood Trauma and Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder on Quality of Life in Individuals with Schizophrenia

Karaytuğ¹,

Tamam²,

Demirkol³

et al. 2023

NDT

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Background: Childhood trauma and anxiety disorders are common in individuals with schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of childhood trauma and adult separation anxiety disorder on the quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 111 individuals with schizophrenia and 85 control subjects. The separation anxiety symptom inventory (SASI), adult separation anxiety questionnaire (ASAQ), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF) were administered to the participants. Results: More individuals with schizophrenia than control subjects were unemployed and single (p<0.05). Individuals with schizophrenia scored significantly higher on the SASI, ASAQ, and CTQ (p<0.05), whereas the control subjects scored significantly higher on the WHOQoL-BREF (p<0.05). ASAQ scores had mild positive correlations with total PANSS and PANSS subscale scores, and moderate positive correlations with total CTQ, CTQ emotional subscale scores, and CTQ physical abuse subscale scores. A negative moderate correlation was found between ASAQ and total WHOQoL-BREF scores. Mediation analysis revealed that CTQ scores significantly affected total WHOQoL-BREF and ASAQ scores. The model pathway for ASAQ scores showed a significant direct and indirect effect of CTQ on the total WHOQoL-BREF scores. Conclusion: Childhood trauma predicts adult separation anxiety disorder, which partially mediates the impact of childhood trauma on quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia. Therapeutic interventions for adult separation anxiety disorder in individuals with schizophrenia and a history of childhood trauma may help increase their quality of life.

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Discerning undifferentiated anxiety from syndromal anxiety in acute-phase schizophrenia

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Validity and Reliability of the Staden Schizophrenia Anxiety Rating Scale

Validity and Reliability of the Staden Schizophrenia Anxiety Rating Scale

Testing the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Staden schizophrenia anxiety rating scale

Impact of Childhood Trauma and Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder on Quality of Life in Individuals with Schizophrenia

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