Discharge coefficient of high viscosity liquids through nozzles

Essien, Sarah I.; Archibong-Eso, Archibong; Lao, Liyun

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.01.004

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Valve volume flow rate data was converted to flow velocities via the discharge coefficient ( ) formulation. We adopted the empirical formula below, 12 which was based on work by Nakayama et al 38 via studies of jet flow through small orifices: where and are the axial length and the radial diameter of the orifice respectively, and Re is the Reynolds number, calculated with the average velocity within the orifice, diameter of the orifice, and fluid viscosity. We adopted a kinematic viscosity of 4*10 −6 (m 2 /s) from the literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biomechanics of Human Fetal Hearts with Critical Aortic Stenosis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Critical aortic stenosis (AS) of the fetal heart causes a drastic change in the cardiac biomechanical environment. Consequently, a substantial proportion of such cases will lead to a single-ventricular birth outcome. However, the biomechanics of the disease is not well understood. To address this, we performed Finite Element (FE) modelling of the healthy fetal left ventricle (LV) based on patient-specific 4D ultrasound imaging, and simulated various disease features observed in clinical fetal AS to understand their biomechanical impact. These features included aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation (MR) and LV hypertrophy, reduced contractility, and increased myocardial stiffness. AS was found to elevate LV pressures and myocardial stresses, and depending on severity, can drastically decrease stroke volume and myocardial strains. These effects are moderated by MR. AS alone did not lead to MR velocities above 3 m/s unless LV hypertrophy was included, suggesting that hypertrophy may be involved in clinical cases with high MR velocities. LV hypertrophy substantially elevated LV pressure, valve flow velocities and stroke volume, while reducing LV contractility resulted in diminished LV pressure, stroke volume and wall strains. Typical extent of hypertrophy during fetal AS in the clinic, however, led to excessive LV pressure and valve velocity in the FE model, suggesting that reduced contractility is typically associated with hypertrophy. Increased LV passive stiffness, which might represent fibroelastosis, was found to have minimal impact on LV pressures, stroke volume, and wall strain. This suggested that fibroelastosis could be a by-product of the disease progression and does not significantly impede cardiac function. Our study demonstrates that FE modelling is a valuable tool for elucidating the biomechanics of congenital heart disease and can calculate parameters which are difficult to measure, such as intraventricular pressure and myocardial stresses.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Valve volume flow rate data was converted to flow velocities via the discharge coefficient (C d ) formulation. We adopted the empirical C d formula below, 12 which was based on work by Nakayama et al 38 via studies of jet flow through small orifices:…”

Section: Valve Flow Velocity Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of Human Fetal Hearts with Critical Aortic Stenosis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rate The reduction in steady flow after aging is also reflected in the discharge coefficient (C d ) [32] values depicted in Figure 7. For every condition tested, a decrease of the coefficient value after aging can be observed due to losses in the efficiency of the flow delivery of the injector.…”

Section: Time After Soe [Ms]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aging of a diesel injector on multiple injection strategies

Payri

Martí-Aldavarí

Montiel

et al. 2020

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The value of Re L drops with rising liquid viscosity at constant GLRs (Figure 8b). By increasing the liquid viscosity, the internal friction of the liquid increases, which leads to a decrease in the discharge velocity of the liquid as well as the suppression of the flow turbulence [58,59], and C D consequently decreases. The same effect on Re L was found with the increase in GLR (Figure 8b).…”

Section: The Effect Of Liquid Viscosity On C Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Geometrical, Operational, Mixing Methods, and Rheological Parameters on Discharge Coefficients of Internal-Mixing Twin-Fluid Atomizers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurate prediction of the discharge coefficient (CD) for internal-mixing twin-fluid (IMTF) atomizers is challenging, the effect of control factors remains inadequately understood, and comparative data on the CD of IMTF atomizers are unavailable. This work presents an experimental study on CD for different IMTF atomizers with a wide range of factors, including the gas-to-liquid ratio (GLR), the inlet-overpressure ratio (∆pmix/pamb), the orifice length-to-diameter ratio (Lo/do), and the liquid viscosity (µL). Five atomizers with different internal-mixing principles were probed on a cold test rig, including the frequently studied outside-in-gas (OIG) and inside-out-gas (IOG) effervescent types, the recently-introduced outside-in-liquid (OIL) and air-core-liquid-ring (ACLR) atomizers, and our new design named the swirling-air-core-liquid-ring (SACLR) atomizer. The results demonstrate that CD is governed mainly by GLR, and reduces if GLR, Lo/do, or µL is increased. An increase in ∆pmix/pamb causes a CD reduction up to ∆pmix/pamb = 0.98, and CD increases for a higher ∆pmix/pamb. Surprisingly, differences in CD amid examined atomizers were found negligible, although the flow visualization inside the orifice showed a significantly different flow character for each one of the atomizers. Finally, a general CD correlation fitting with an R2 ≥0.99 for all the tested nozzles was proposed. The results amend the present knowledge, allow design optimization, and provide flow rate prediction for a variety of IMTF atomizers.

show abstract

Discharge coefficient of high viscosity liquids through nozzles

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Biomechanics of Human Fetal Hearts with Critical Aortic Stenosis

Biomechanics of Human Fetal Hearts with Critical Aortic Stenosis

Influence of aging of a diesel injector on multiple injection strategies

The Effect of Geometrical, Operational, Mixing Methods, and Rheological Parameters on Discharge Coefficients of Internal-Mixing Twin-Fluid Atomizers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About