“…Secondly, DPUs do exist and interact with GBs in many interesting ways (Shen et al, 1988;Clark et al, 1992;Zhang et al, 2021;Bamney et al, 2022;Zhou et al, 2019;Murr, 2016;Zhao et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022a;Liu et al, 2022b;Britton and Wilkinson, 2012;Guo et al, 2014;Soer et al, 2004;De Hosson et al, 2006;Kondo et al, 2016;Piao and Khanh, 2021;Ruggles et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2019;Li et al, 2022). TEM observations do not allow to determine the length of dislocation segments in a bulk grain, but as the dislocation forest can be expected to be the main contributor for dislocations piling up at the GB (Mecking and Kocks, 1981;Gil-Sevillano et al, 1991;Schouwenaars, 2012), relatively short segments can be expected.…”