Disclosure in Undocumented Families and School Mental Health Clinics

An Evaluation of the Effects of Trauma-Related Stimuli on Behavior during Preference Assessments and Functional Analysis with People with Intellectual Disabilities

“…Interestingly, researchers only occasionally reported avoidance of specific stimuli clearly linked to the traumatic event. General increases in avoidance of situations or stimuli was significant in two quantitative studies (Roswell et al, 2013;Shabalala & Jasson, 2011), three qualitative studies (Kildahl et al, 2020a;Kildahl et al, 2020b;Mitchell & Clegg, 2005), and in 23 out of 41 case studies (Alleyne et al, 2020;Bakken et al, 2014a;Bakken et al, 2014b;Barol & Seubert, 2010;Barrowcliff & Evans, 2015;Borghus et al, 2018;Boronat et al, 2013;Carrigan & Allez, 2017;Dilly, 2014;Kroese & Thomas, 2006;Lemmon & 20 Mizes, 2002;Martinet & Legry, 2014;Mevissen et al, 2011b;Mevissen et al, 2012;Turk et al, 2005;Unwin et al, 2019). However, in only six of those cases, the stimuli the participant was reported to avoid could clearly be linked to the traumatic event (Barol & Seubert; Carrigan & Allez; Lemmon & Mizes; Martinet & Legry; Turk et al,).…”

“…Social engagement has been reported to decrease in humans and nonhumans following exposure to trauma. Decreases in social engagement were reported for people with ID following exposure to trauma in two quantitative studies (Howlin & Clements, 1995;Rittmansberger et al, 2019), one qualitative study (Kildahl et al, 2020a) and 13 case studies (Alleyne et al, 2020;Barol & Seubert, 2010;Bakken et al, 2014a;Bakken et al, 2014b;Borghus et al, 2018;Boronat et al, 2013;Hepper, 1999;Lemmon & Mizes, 2002;Martinet & Legry, 2014;Mevissen et al, 2012;Turk et al, 2005;Unwin et al, 2019). This included avoidance of social situations (e.g., school, work or leisure activities that involved interactions with other people) and refusing to leave home or bedroom (Mevissen et al, 2012).…”