Disclosure of HIV Status Among Female Youth With HIV

Chenneville, Tiffany; Lynn, Vickie; Peacock, Brandon; Turner, DeAnne; Marhefka, Stephanie L.

doi:10.1080/10508422.2014.934371

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In our study, low self-efficacy to disclose was significantly and negatively associated with the outcome variable. This can be explained by existing disclosure decision-making theories (Greene et al, 2012 ), and by studies highlighting the need for developing disclosure communication skills (Chenneville, Lynn, Peacock, Turner, & Marhefka, 2014 ). Recent studies showed that children considered accidental and deductive disclosure to be a substantial risk (Mupambireyi, Bernays, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, & Cowan, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing social self-disclosure among adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Africa

et al. 2015

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Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) face many psychosocial challenges, including HIV disclosure to others. Given the importance of socialization during the adolescent transition process, this study investigated the psychological and social factors influencing self-disclosure of own HIV status to peers. We examined social HIV self-disclosure to peers, and its relationship to perceived HIV-related stigma, self-efficacy to disclose, self-esteem, and social support among a sample of n = 582 ALHIV aged 13–17 years in Kampala, Uganda, and Western Kenya. Data were collected between February and April 2011. Among them, 39% were double orphans. We conducted a secondary data analysis to assess the degree of social disclosure, reactions received, and influencing factors. Interviewer-administered questionnaires assessed medical, socio-demographic, and psychological variables (Rosenberg self-esteem scale; self-efficacy to disclose to peers), HIV-related stigma (10-item stigma scale), and social support (family–life and friends). Descriptive, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed with social self-disclosure to peers with gender as covariates. Almost half of ALHIV had told nobody (except health-care providers) about their HIV status, and about 18% had disclosed to either one of their friends, schoolmates, or a boy- or girlfriend. Logistic regression models revealed that having disclosed to peers was significantly related to being older, being a paternal orphan, contributing to family income, regular visits to the HIV clinic, and greater social support through peers. Low self-efficacy to disclose was negatively associated to the outcome variable. While social self-disclosure was linked to individual factors such as self-efficacy, factors relating to the social context and adolescents’ access to psychosocial resources play an important role. ALHIV need safe environments to practice disclosure skills. Interventions should enable them to make optimal use of available psychosocial resources even under constraining conditions such as disruptive family structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing social self-disclosure among adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Africa

et al. 2015

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“…In a recent qualitative study, trans and cis women detail why they stayed in abusive relationships under threat of prosecution were they to leave their partner or for fear of facing isolation (or worse) if needing to disclose their serostatus to another partner (Krüsi et al, 2018). Similar barriers to disclosure have been identified in youth living with HIV (Chenneville, Lynn, Peacock, Turner, & Marhefka, 2015;Gabbidon, Chenneville, Peless, & Sheared-Evans, 2020). In his address to the House of Commons, the director and lawyer of the HIV/AIDS Clinic in Ontario spoke about how his clients living with HIV often comment on the potential for a vindictive (ex-)partner approaching the police and pursuing legal recourse against them (e.g., Ryan Peck in House of Commons, 2019).…”

Section: Risk-benefit Analysismentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A recent systematic review concluded that fear surrounding disclosure was an important barrier to initiation of and adherence to ART, self-care, fulfilling a parental role, and a socially connected life (Evangeli & Wroe, 2017). This fear has led some PLWH to minimize or retire from romantic relationships entirely (Chenneville et al, 2015; Krüsi et al, 2018; Parsons, VanOra, Missildine, Purcell, & Gómez, 2004). One may want to consider what this means in terms of quality of life, mental health, and personal identity.…”

Section: Principle II Responsible Caringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disclosure may also lead to the identification of an ally, someone who can shape the client’s message and help disclose it to others. In the context of minority female youth, one girl’s father helped her navigate disclosure to her partner (Chenneville et al, 2015). In many ways, psychologists may fulfill this role initially for their clients; helping them prepare the message, role-play, problem-solve, or invite an important person to a joint disclosure session.…”

Section: Principle II Responsible Caringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Criminalization of HIV: Ethical and legal issues for the practice of psychology in Canada.

Goossens

Vargen

Wedman

et al. 2021

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

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In 1998, nondisclosure of HIV-status was criminalized in Canada. This in turn has created potential mandatory reporting for psychologists working with persons living with HIV (PLWH) in cases invoking a duty to warn. A brief review of the literature indicates that, at least for some PLWH, this may create a catch-22: While PLWH are aware of the benefits of specific health behaviours (e.g., regular testing, mental health support), feared legal consequences may impede their willingness to access care or disclose their health status. In this space there exists a great opportunity for psychologists to help clients successfully navigate fears, overcome impediments to disclosure, and skillfully manage a legal duty to report. To support psychologists in managing competing ethical and legal duties, this paper presents a comprehensive review of Canadian case law over the past two decades regarding the criminalization of HIV nondisclosure, an overview of the consequences for psychologists of (non-) reporting, and the legal standard for the duty to warn. Additionally, the principles in the Canadian Psychological Association’s Code of Ethics (4th ed.) have been reviewed to inform clinical service in this ethical-legal grey area. Case examples, prompts, and “rules of thumb” are also provided to facilitate group discussion, supervision, and clinical practice in ethical decision-making.

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“…Additionally, several country specific HIV laws [ 85 , 86 ], require people living with HIV to inform all their sex partners of their status. The utility of HIV criminalization laws as part of HIV prevention is still controversial [ 87 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis by 1985–2021

et al. 2022

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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a public health issue of global importance. To our knowledge, no previous meta-analysis documenting the prevalence, socio-demographic, and service use determinants associated with HIV/AIDS disclosure to infected children has been conducted. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children. Methods Studies in English published between 01 January 1985 and 01 November 2021, and available on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-text of selected articles were assessed for eligibility using Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes (PICO) criteria. We used fixed and random-effects meta-analysis models to estimate the pooled prevalence, pooled odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals. Results After article duplicates were excluded, assessments of abstracts were completed, and full-text papers evaluated, 37 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of the disclosure of HIV status to children was measured to be 41% in this research. The odds that a child of 10 years and older is informed that they are HIV-positive is 3.01 time the odds that younger children are informed. Those children who had primary or lower schooling level were 2.41 times more likely to be informed of their HIV-positive status than children with higher levels of schooling. Children who had a non-biological parents were 3.17 times more likely to have been disclose being HIV-positive; social support (OR = 8.29, 95%CI = 2.34, 29.42), children who had higher levels of social supports were 8.29 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; the primary educational level of caregivers (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.43, 2.89), respondents who had caregivers with primary education level were 2.03 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence (OR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.96, 3.42), participants who adhered to ART were 2.59 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive and hospital follow-up (OR = 2.82, 95%CI = 1.85, 4.29), those who had hospital follow-up were 2.82 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; were all significantly associated with the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children. Conclusion Such data are of importance for healthcare pediatrics HIV care professionals. Facilitating HIV diagnosis and disclosure to the infected children and ensuring access to HIV treatment will likely prevent secondary HIV transmission. Healthcare professionals are expected to provide age-appropriate counseling services to this population.

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Disclosure of HIV Status Among Female Youth With HIV

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Factors influencing social self-disclosure among adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Africa

Factors influencing social self-disclosure among adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Africa

Criminalization of HIV: Ethical and legal issues for the practice of psychology in Canada.

Prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis by 1985–2021

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