Discolored Urine in Horses and Foals

Delvescovo, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2021.11.005

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Endogenous injury from myoglobin or hemoglobin (pigment nephropathy) can result in renal tubular injury due to altered blood flow, cast formation, tubular obstruction, and oxidative injury. [1][2][3] Given the history of a trail ride preceding the hyporexia and pigmenturia, moderately increased muscle enzyme activities, and positive immunoreactivity to myoglobin IHC, the horse likely developed pigment nephropathy from myoglobinuria, with secondary intraluminal erythrocytes and hemoglobin from renal hemorrhage and tubular necrosis. CK activity >1000 IU/L or 3-5 times the upper reference limit is often indicative of acute muscle necrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myoglobinuria may stem from exertional myopathies (eg, sporadic or recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, myofibrillar myopathy, polysaccharide storage myopathy), trauma, immune-mediated myopathies, malignant hyperthermia, clostridial myonecrosis, selenium deficiency, toxin (ionophore) ingestions, atypical myopathy/myoglobinuria, or even heat exhaustion. [3][4][5] In this case, it is unknown if there was any prior history of tying-up episodes that may support an underlying primary myopathy. Arabians are included in the performance horses (along with Thoroughbreds and standardbreds) that can develop rhabdomyolysis without underlying myopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellular and granular casts are abnormal and indicate acute renal tubular injury. Cellular casts are defined by their cell composition: epithelial casts indicate renal tubular degeneration or necrosis secondary to severe dehydration, ischemia/infarction, nephrotoxicity, or pigment nephropathy; leukocyte casts imply tubulointerstitial inflammation (eg, pyelonephritis); and erythrocyte casts indicate intrarenal hemorrhage 1–3 . Granular casts form from the degeneration of cellular casts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is your diagnosis? Urine from a horse

Connor,

Weyna,

Gottdenker

et al. 2024

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is your diagnosis? Urine from a horse

Connor,

Weyna,

Gottdenker

et al. 2024

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…The syndrome of hemoglobinuria is usually detected due to babesiosis ( Mtshali and Mtshali, 2013 ; Mahmmod, 2014; Bal et al ., 2016 ; He et al ., 2021 ), infection by Clostridium hemolyticum ( Takagi et al ., 2009 ; Shinozuka et al ., 2011 ; Navarro et al ., 2017 ), decreased blood phosphorus level ( Grünberg, 2014 ; Abramowicz et al ., 2022 ) and intoxication by water ( Kawahara et al ., 2016 ). In equines, discolored urine is also found in animals with hematuria, hemoglobinuria, or myoglobinuria ( Schumacher, 2007 ; Delvescovo et al ., 2022 ). Urinary calculi are also a cause of hematuria in the equines ( Duesterdieck-Zellmer, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discolored urine in sheep and goats: Clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, sonographic and postmortem findings

Tharwat,

Hegazy,

Alkheraif

2024

Open Vet J

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Background: Bloody urine is classified in farm animals as hematuria, hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria. In small ruminants, discolored urine is reported due to several etiologies which is sometimes fatal. Of these causes are babesiosis, bacillary hemoglobinuria, copper toxicity and hypophosphatemia. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic and pathological findings in rams and bucks with red urine syndrome. Methods: Eighteen male animals (9 rams and 9 bucks) of 6 months to 3 years examined. Parallel, 10 healthy controls were used. They were admitted due to red urine, voiding of only urine drops, straining during the act of urination, grunting during urination, ventral abdominal edema and abdominal distension. Duration of the disease ranged from 2 to 30 days. A history of chronic copper toxicosis was informed in 2 bucks and a ram. Two blood samples were collected from diseased as well as from controls in EDTA tubes (for complete blood count testing) and in plain tubes (for serum collection). Results: Hematuria was found in 11 animals (7 bucks and 4 rams) while hemoglobinuria was detected in 7 animals (5 bucks and 2 rams). Sonographic findings in diseased animals included ruptured urinary bladder in 3, ruptured urethra in 5, penile calculi, uroperitoneum in 6, distended urinary bladder in 7, hydronephrosis in 5, echogenic deposits in the bladder in 3 and ventral urine accumulation in 4 animals. Laboratory evaluation of Geimsa-stained blood smear confirmed the infection with Babesia in three bucks and a ram. Hemolytic anemia was marked in 2 bucks and a ram due to chronic copper toxicity. Biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration and hyperglycemia. Postmortem examination was carried out on 6 animals (4 rams and 2 bucks). Conclusion: Discolored urine in rams and bucks in this study resulted from hematuria due to urinary calculi and pelvic abscessation or from hemoglobinuria due to Babesia infection or due to copper toxicity. Hemolytic anemia was the outstanding hematological finding and hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased BUN and creatinine and hyperglycemia were the characteristic biochemical findings. Sonography of the urinary tract was very helpful in assessing the renal parenchyma, urinary bladder and the abdominal cavity for the verification of urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, intact or ruptured urinary bladder, uroperitoneum and perforated urethra.

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“…With macroscopic haematuria, urine is red or brown. Discriminating haematuria from pigmenturia (presence of haemoglobin, myoglobin, or pigments in urine) may be challenging and requires laboratory analyses to be performed (Delvescovo 2022). The most common problems associated with haematuria are, in a putative order of frequency: urethral rents, urethritis, urolithiasis, trauma and neoplastic masses, pyelonephritis, cystitis, chronic administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and clotting disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraluminal administration of a carboxymethyl-starch powder for bladder haemorrhage treatment in two adult horses

Memoli

Fontana

Basano

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Internal bleeding and mucosal bleeding in hollow organs are uncommon conditions in equine medicine and endoscopy. Most of the times, they respond to treatment of the underlying primary condition. However, there are cases in which a rapid and effective control of blood loss is required and the animal is not suited for surgery or general anaesthesia. We report two cases referred to our Veterinary Teaching Hospital with signs of urinary disease and bladder haemorrhage identified by cystoscopy which were successfully managed with topical application of a haemostatic carboxymethyl-starch powder. The product was applied directly on the bleeding mucosa after bladder emptying either under endoscopic guidance or blindly, through a urinary catheter. The application of the haemostatic powder appears to be easy to perform, safe, and helpful in controlling mucosal bleeding in hollow organs in the short time, with no adverse reactions noticed. This approach should be considered in cases where mucosal bleeding can be identified by endoscopy and a prompt control of blood loss is required, also in the field.

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Discolored Urine in Horses and Foals

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

What is your diagnosis? Urine from a horse

What is your diagnosis? Urine from a horse

Discolored urine in sheep and goats: Clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, sonographic and postmortem findings

Intraluminal administration of a carboxymethyl-starch powder for bladder haemorrhage treatment in two adult horses

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