Discontinuous Finite Element<i>S<sub>N</sub></i>Methods on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Grids

Wareing, Todd A.; McGhee, J.M.; Morel, Jim E.; Pautz, Shawn D.

doi:10.13182/nse138-256

Cited by 172 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…4 Originally, the roots of the AXB algorithm lie in the Attila LBTE solver developed and benchmarked by a group based on the founders of the Transpire, Inc. (Gig Harbor, WA, USA). 5,6,7,8 The original Acuros LBTE solver designed for radiotherapy dose calculations was developed by Transpire, Inc. from the Attila 9 , which was then implemented as the AXB algorithm in the Eclipse TPS 4 . The AXB algorithm was developed to address the clinical needs of dose calculation accuracy comparable to full MC methods with moderate calculation times, especially with treatment plans with large number of field segments, such as in VMAT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of the Acuros XB algorithm in external beam radiotherapy – a comprehensive review

Ojala

2014

Int J Cancer Ther Oncol

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Review Article AbstractThe accuracy of dose calculation algorithms has been a topic of interest among the radiotherapy community throughout last decades. On one hand the advancements in computers and algorithms has improved the accuracy, but on the other hand the developments in other parts of treatment process, in treatment delivery techniques and in treatment devices have always pushed the requirements to the next level. In this review article a comprehensive overview on the accuracy of a new type 'c' dose calculation algorithm, the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA), is provided. All the articles that have applied the AXB algorithm in terms of external beam radiotherapy are included and the research frames with reported deviations to reference methods are described. For the homogeneous water phantoms the reported accuracy was from 1% to 2%, being of similar level for heterogeneous phantoms, in rare occasions lower. In anthropometric and anthropomorphic phantoms the mean deviations were about 2% and slightly larger for single points and/or small regions. With patient plans the reported average discrepancies were less than from 3% to 5%. Almost without exceptions, the algorithm has proven to perform better than other existing commercial dose calculation algorithms. The number of such papers, in which the AXB algorithm is the only dose determination method, is already notable, which indicates that the accuracy of the algorithm is trusted for reference use and it also, with reported dosimetric results, implies that the AXB algorithm has reached its maturity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of the Acuros XB algorithm in external beam radiotherapy – a comprehensive review

Ojala

2014

Int J Cancer Ther Oncol

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“…The second term on the left hand side of equations 1 and 2 is the collision or removal operator. Equation 2 is the Boltzmann Fokker-Planck transport equation [11][12], which is solved for the electron transport. In Equation 2, the third term on the left represents the continuous slowing down (CSD) operator, which accounts for Coulomb "soft" electron collisions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation in Modelling Of Photon Beam Data

Akpochafor¹,

Aweda²,

F.A.³

et al. 2014

IOSRJAP

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“…et al proposed a discontinuous finite element method (DFEM) (8) in 2001 and developed the ATTILA (9) code.…”

Section: Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

A Deep Penetration Problem Calculation Using AETIUS:An Easy Modeling Discrete Ordinates Ṯransport Code UsIng Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh, Shared Memory Parallel

Kim

Lee

2017

EPJ Web Conf.

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As computing power gets better and better, computer codes that use a deterministic method seem to be less useful than those using the Monte Carlo method. In addition, users do not like to think about space, angles, and energy discretization for deterministic codes.However, a deterministic method is still powerful in that we can obtain a solution of the flux throughout the problem, particularly as when particles can barely penetrate, such as in a deep penetration problem with small detection volumes.Recently, a new state-of-the-art discrete-ordinates code, ATTILA, was developed and has been widely used in several applications. ATTILA provides the capabilities to solve geometrically complex 3-D transport problems by using an unstructured tetrahedral mesh.Since 2009, we have been developing our own code by benchmarking ATTILA. AETIUS is a discrete ordinates code that uses an unstructured tetrahedral mesh such as ATTILA. For pre-and post-processing, Gmsh is used to generate an unstructured tetrahedral mesh by importing a CAD file (*.step) and visualizing the calculation results of AETIUS. Using a CAD tool, the geometry can be modeled very easily.In this paper, we describe a brief overview of AETIUS and provide numerical results from both AETIUS and a Monte Carlo code, MCNP5, in a deep penetration problem with small detection volumes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of AETIUS for such calculations.

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Discontinuous Finite ElementS_NMethods on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Grids

Cited by 172 publications

References 4 publications

The accuracy of the Acuros XB algorithm in external beam radiotherapy – a comprehensive review

The accuracy of the Acuros XB algorithm in external beam radiotherapy – a comprehensive review

Simulation of the Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation in Modelling Of Photon Beam Data

A Deep Penetration Problem Calculation Using AETIUS:An Easy Modeling Discrete Ordinates Ṯransport Code UsIng Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh, Shared Memory Parallel

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Discontinuous Finite ElementSNMethods on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Grids

Cited by 172 publications

References 4 publications

The accuracy of the Acuros XB algorithm in external beam radiotherapy – a comprehensive review

The accuracy of the Acuros XB algorithm in external beam radiotherapy – a comprehensive review

Simulation of the Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation in Modelling Of Photon Beam Data

A Deep Penetration Problem Calculation Using AETIUS:An Easy Modeling Discrete Ordinates Ṯransport Code UsIng Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh, Shared Memory Parallel

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Discontinuous Finite ElementS_NMethods on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Grids