Discounting and Digit Ratio: Low 2D:4D Predicts Patience for a Sample of Females

Aycinena, Diego; Rentschler, Lucas

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00257

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Sixth, a variety of physiological evidence corroborates the idea that the receipt of a cash reward presents the same as a primary reward. CTB results using cash correlate with pupil dilation (Lempert et al 2015(Lempert et al , 2016 and with 2D-4D digit ratios, an indicator of pre-natal testosterone exposure (Aycinena & Rentschler 2017). Löckenho, O'Donoghue & Dunning (2011) found that discounting and present bias are signicantly correlated with psychological measures of anticipated emotional arousal at receiving monetary payments over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbitrage Or Narrow Bracketing? On Using Money to Measure Intertemporal Preferences

Andreoni

Gravert

Kuhn

et al. 2018

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If experimental subjects arbitrage against market interest rates when making intertemporal allocations of cash, the data will reveal nothing about subjects' discount rates, only uncovering subjects' market interest rates. If they frame choices narrowly, market rates will not be salient and the experiment will uncover subjects' utility discount rates. We test arbitrage directly by forcing all transactions with subjects to be instant electronic bank transfers, thus making arbitrage easy and salient. We also employ four decision frames to test alternative hypotheses. Our evidence contradicts arbitrage, supports money as a valid reward, and suggests framing as a correlate with present bias.

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confidence: 99%

Arbitrage Or Narrow Bracketing? On Using Money to Measure Intertemporal Preferences

Andreoni

Gravert

Kuhn

et al. 2018

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“…Alonso et al [15] reported that low digit ratio correlates with high social preference. Again, Aycinena et al [16] in his study asserted that women with low digit ratio tend to be more patient; motioned that a low digit ratio positively correlates with static and explosive strength, speed and agility which is a typical masculine trait exemplified in digit ratio. Furthermore, it was also mentioned that a study on sports activities showed that those who got to the highest level of competition in their respective games had low digit ratios [17] which were mostly men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There are some reports on investigations by other researchers on digit ratios in various indigenous populations. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] There is paucity of information on gender difference in digit ratio in Bini tribe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Descriptive Study of Gender Difference in Digit Ratio among Bini Ethnic Group of southern Nigeria

2019

ARC Journal of Forensic Science

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This gender difference has not been investigated amongst Bini tribe before, as such the study was done to know whether the ethnic group under investigation has this feature has have been reported by other authors. This study will add to the body of knowledge information on the Abstract Background: This study investigated gender variation in digit ratios of the Bini ethnic group. The study had a descriptive cross-sectional design with volunteer's age ranging from 18-60 years. For the purpose of this study, an individual was considered to be a Nigeria of a particular ethnic group if the parents and four grandparents are of the same ethnic group. Materials and Methods: Cluster sampling method was used for the study. The selection and collection of required parameters relied on informed consent of volunteers. This was done by giving them a copy of the informed consent letter which was signed and dated. A total of 400 subjects (225 males, 175 females) subjects were recruited for the study. The fingerprints were obtained using print scanner (Hp G3110 Photo scanner).

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“…A large literature links prenatal sex hormones with economic preferences. While several studies report significant relationships between prenatal testosterone exposure and risk preferences [15][16][17], time preferences [18], trust [19] and social preferences [20], other studies find null effects and conflicting evidence (for reviews, see Apicella et al [21], Parslow et al [22] and Neyse et al [23]). The role that hormones play in the development of preferences is, therefore, not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do sex hormones at birth predict later-life economic preferences? Evidence from a pregnancy birth cohort study

et al. 2020

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Economic preferences may be shaped by exposure to sex hormones around birth. Prior studies of economic preferences and numerous other phenotypic characteristics use digit ratios (2D : 4D), a purported proxy for prenatal testosterone exposure, whose validity has recently been questioned. We use direct measures of neonatal sex hormones (testosterone and oestrogen), measured from umbilical cord blood ( n = 200) to investigate their association with later-life economic preferences (risk preferences, competitiveness, time preferences and social preferences) in an Australian cohort (Raine Study Gen2). We find no significant associations between testosterone at birth and preferences, except for competitiveness, where the effect runs opposite to the expected direction. Point estimates are between 0.05–0.09 percentage points (pp) and 0.003–0.14 s.d. We similarly find no significant associations between 2D : 4D and preferences ( n = 533, point estimates 0.003–0.02 pp and 0.001–0.06 s.d.). Our sample size allows detecting effects larger than 0.11 pp or 0.22 s.d. for testosterone at birth, and 0.07 pp or 0.14 s.d. for 2D : 4D ( α = 0.05 and power = 0.90). Equivalence tests show that most effects are unlikely to be larger than these bounds. Our results suggest a reinterpretation of prior findings relating 2D : 4D to economic preferences, and highlight the importance of future large-sample studies that permit detection of small effects.

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Discounting and Digit Ratio: Low 2D:4D Predicts Patience for a Sample of Females

Cited by 12 publications

References 73 publications

Arbitrage Or Narrow Bracketing? On Using Money to Measure Intertemporal Preferences

Arbitrage Or Narrow Bracketing? On Using Money to Measure Intertemporal Preferences

A Descriptive Study of Gender Difference in Digit Ratio among Bini Ethnic Group of southern Nigeria

Do sex hormones at birth predict later-life economic preferences? Evidence from a pregnancy birth cohort study

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