Discounting the background—the missing link in the explanation of chromatic induction

The natural center of chromaticity space is not always achromatic: A new look at color induction

“…The surrounds, which appeared approximately yellow, pink, and violet, had the uv coordinates (0.2, 0.49), (0.3, 0.46), and (0.225, 0.38), respectively. As is to be expected from the results of previous experiments of a similar kind (6,7), the settings were shifted-relative to the achromatic point for isolated spots of light-in the direction of the chromaticity of the surround (see Fig. 2).…”

“…1b). The effect of introducing neighboring stimuli usually is modeled as a context-dependent transformation of the coordinates of the isolated light (6)(7)(8). This transformation is thought to preserve both the three-dimensionality and the above-mentioned structural properties of color space.…”

Effects of luminance oscillations on simulated lightness discriminations

“…Models from this paradigm, in general, describe a fast multiplicative process and both a slow and a fast subtractive process, followed by a static and compressive nonlinearity (e.g., Adelson, 1982;Hayhoe et al, 1987). Also, evidence for both multiplicative and subtractive processes in color appearance have been proposed by studies measuring the effect of the background on a target (induction; Jameson & Hurvich, 1989;Shevell, 1978;Walraven, 1976).…”

“…For example, Hood and Graham (1998) implemented a version of Wilson's (1997) light retinal light adaptation model and found that their data were fit well assuming that the off-center pathway was about twice as sensitive as the on-center pathway. Also, Mausfeld and Niederee (1993) developed a model of color appearance for target-surround stimuli based on multiplicativeprocesses for the incremental or decremental signal above or below the surround (similar to Walraven's, 1976, model of discounting the illuminant) that employs separate processes for increments and decrements. A last example is Watson's (1986) model of temporal sensitivity based on probability summation.…”

Visual Perception of Depth from Occlusion: A Neural Network Model

“…Recent results of Desimone and Schein [10] recording in macaque visual cortex have implicated the large "silent" surrounds of V4 neurons in this process. We have shown that such a mechanism can qualitatively account for a number of psychophysical resports in the literature [2] [11]. However, we have found it necessary to propose that V4 uses both positive an negative contrast signals in each color channel in addition to opponent-channel responses (provided by type II cells in area Vi).…”