Discourse Analysis in Stylistics and Literature Instruction

Abstract

The termsdiscourse analysisandstylistic analysismean different thing to different people. Most narrowly defined, discourse analysis has only to do with the structure of spoken discourse. Such a definition separates discourse analysis from literany stylistics and pragmatics—the study of how people understand language in context. At the other end of the spectrum, discourse analysis can be carried out on spoken and written texts, and can include matters like textual coherence and cohesion, and the inferencing of meaning by readers or listeners. In this case, it includes pragmatics and much of stylistics within its bounds. Similarly, stylistics can apply just to literary texts or not, and be restricted to the study of style or, on the other hand, include the study of meaning. For the purposes of this review, relatively wide definitions of both areas have been assumed in order to make what follows reasonably comprehensive. The main restriction assumed is that the works discussed will be relevant to the examination of literature in some way. The section on literature instruction will include matters relevant to both native and non-native learners of English, and will also make reference to the integration of literary and language study.

Pendekatan Strukturalisme dan Praktik Triangulasi di dalam Penelitian Sastra

“…Adapun berkenaan dengan bukti tekstual yang diperlukan di dalam kajian sastra, bukti ini dapat diperoleh dengan pembedahan teks yang biasanya dikerjakan misalnya melalui close reading atau pembacaan cermat (Nugraha dan Suyitno, 2022: 114-117;Purbani, 2010: 7;Rosewall, 2018;Smith, 2016;Wolfreys, 2016), analisis tekstual (Bauer, Süerdem, dan Bicquelet, 2014;Belsey, 2013;McKee, 2003), analisis isi (Beach, dkk., 2009;Nugraha dan Suyitno, 2022: 107-114;Purbani, 2010: 7-8), pembacaan semiotik (Chandler, 2022;Leone, 2014), pembacaan hermeneutik (Hołda, 2020;Signori, 2013), atau analisis wacana (Aidinlou, Dehghan, dan Khorsand, 2014;Maingueneau, 2010;Nugraha dan Suyitno, 2022: 122-126;Short, 1990;Tolliver, 1990). Dari beberapa cara pemerolehan bukti tekstual ini, close reading atau pembacaan cermat dan analisis tekstual lebih sering dipakai sebab metode pembacaan ini bisa diterapkan atas berbagai macam teks dengan pendekatan atau teori apapun.…”