Discourse ok revisited: default organization in verbal interaction

Navigating joint projects with dialogue

“…It is used to bracket these parts (Goffman, 1981;Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975). People engaged in discussions often start and end their interactions using okay (Condon, 1986(Condon, , 2001. They also use okay to link large phases in a decision-making process (Condon, 1986(Condon, , 2001 or an institutional encounter (Antaki, Houtkoop-Steenstra, & Rapley, 2000;Merritt, 1984), or to mark completion of a longer turn at talk (Guthrie, 1997).…”

“…People engaged in discussions often start and end their interactions using okay (Condon, 1986(Condon, , 2001. They also use okay to link large phases in a decision-making process (Condon, 1986(Condon, , 2001 or an institutional encounter (Antaki, Houtkoop-Steenstra, & Rapley, 2000;Merritt, 1984), or to mark completion of a longer turn at talk (Guthrie, 1997). And, as Hoyle (1994) has shown, boys playing the role of sportscasters describing a basketball game use okay to switch between levels of pretense-in moving from commentary to a pretend interview with a player, or the reverse.…”

“…It is in this way that he frames that utterance as the first move in that joint project. If instead of okay he had used well or so-two other common pre-turn markers-he would given it an alternative framing (Condon, 2001). So pre-turn okays mark a transition into the first move of the next joint project-a vertical transition down.…”

Doing disaffiliation with now-prefaced utterances

“…The past two decades have witnessed a burgeoning body of research on discourse markers (e.g., Antaki, 2002;Bolden, 2006;Clift, 2001;Condon, 2001;Gardner, 1997Gardner, , 2007Heritage, 1984;Hutchby, 2001;Jefferson, 1985Jefferson, , 1993Raymond, 2004;Schourup, 2001;Stivers, 2004;Tree and Schrock, 2002;Tyler, 1992;Waring, 2003). Despite the substantial number of empirical endeavors, there seems to be a lack of agreement on how discourse markers may be defined (Schiffrin, 2001).…”

`Also' as a Discourse Marker: Its Use in Disjunctive and Disaffiliative Environments

“…Condon, 2001;Craig and Sanusi, 2000;Erman, 2001;Fraser, 1990;Kleiner, 1998;Lenk, 1998;Maschler, 2002;Oversteegen, 1997;Schiffrin, 1987;Schourup, 2001). Schiffrin (2001) provides a useful summary of three perspectives on discourse markers: (1) Halliday and Hasan's (1976) systemic functional approach which looks at the cohesive function of discourse markers; (2) Schiffrin's (1987) interactional sociolinguistic approach in which markers serve to connect utterances on the multiple planes of participation framework, information state, ideational structure, action structure, and exchange structure; (3) Fraser's (1990) pragmatic approach in which the role of markers is to convey the speaker's communicative intentions or dictate the interpretation of the message conveyed.…”