Discovering the Role of Long non-coding RNAs in Regulation of Steroid Receptors Signaling in Cancer

Considering the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of several cancers, alterations in lncRNA expression lead to changes in MAPK pathway resulting in inhibition of apoptosis and induction of cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, some lncRNAs participate in cross-talk between MAPK and other cancer-related pathways, such as PI3K/Akt pathway through regulation of certain shared proteins between these pathways. Based on the availability of certain anticancer drugs that modulate this pathway, identification of lncRNAs that affect this pathway would help in establishment of effective therapies.Key words: RNA - long noncoding - mitogen-activated protein kinases - signal transduction.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-coding RNAs as Regulators of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway in Cancer

Tasharrofi¹,

Ghafouri‐Fard²

2018

“…The critical roles of lncRNAs in regulation of genes involved in DNA repair [14], induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) [15,16], inhibition of tumor suppressors [17,18], control of apoptosis and cellular metabolism [19] and regulation of nuclear receptors function [20] potentiate them as molecular markers of cancer. Expression levels of several lncRNAs have been assessed in lung cancer specimens and cell lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Analysis of OIP5-AS1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Esfandi¹,

Oskooei²,

Taheri³

et al. 2018

Background: Lung cancer as the most fatal cancer of men has prompted researchers to find bio markers for early detection and prognosis. Among the possible bio markers are a group of non-coding transcripts with sizes more than 200 nucleotides called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Aims: In the present study, we evaluated the expression levels of the lncRNA OIP5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) in 32 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples compared with their corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCTs) by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. The samples were obtained from patients who were admitted at Labbafi-Nejad Hospital during 2015 and 2016. Results: OIP5-AS expression levels was significantly decreased in tumoral tissues compared with ANCTs in total samples and in male subgroup. However, no association was found between relative expression of OIP5-AS1 and clinicopathological data of patients or history of smoking. Expression levels of this lncRNA were not correlated with patients' age. Conclusions: This lncRNA is possibly a novel bio marker of NSCLC in Iranian patients. Future studies are needed to confirm the results of our study in larger sample sizes. Moreover, based on the difference in lung cancer associated risk factors in different populations, population-based studies are needed to explore the role of this lncRNA in the pathogenesis of cancers in each region to design appropriate targeted therapies for each population.

“…These so-called long non-cod ing RNA (lncRNAs) have tissue specific expression pattern [2] but are less conserved than protein cod ing RNAs [3]. They are involved in almost every aspect of physiological processes, such as preservation of DNA integrity [4], telomere bio logy [5], immune cell homeostasis [6], regulation of hormone receptors [7] as well as differentiation and homeostasis of metabolic tissues [8]. The differential expression of lncRNAs in malignant tissues compared with normal tissues of the same origin has been demonstrated in several studies [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14] what implies their role in pathogenesis of different cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNA Signature in Cervical Cancer

Taheri

Ghafouri‐Fard

2018

Background: Cervical cancer as a common urogenital cancer among women has caused significant health problems. Efforts have been made to identify its pathogenic process in order to find targeted ther apies. Long non-cod ing ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) have been shown to regulate several cancer-related pathways and genes that contribute to pathogenesis of human malignancies, includ ing cervical cancer. In the present review, we searched PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases for key words "cervical cancer" or "cervical neoplasm" and "long non-cod ing RNA" or "lncRNA" (up to December 2017). Aim: To elaborate the role of lncRNAs in cervical cancer. Conclusions: LncRNAs affect cervical cancer pathogenesis through numerous mechanisms, such as mak ing scaffolds for assembly of protein complexes, serv ing as directors to recruit proteins, function ing as transcriptional enhancers through chromatin remodeling, serv ing as decoys to free up proteins from chromatin, or revers ing the effects of other regulatory non-cod ing RNAs, such as microRNAs. Pathway-based analysis showed that several lncRNAs modulate PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR, Wnt-β catenin and Notch pathways in the process of cervical cancer pathogenesis. In addition, expression of a handful of lncRNAs has been associated with human papilloma virus infection. Identification of lncRNAs that alter cancer-related signal ing pathways and subsequent expression analysis of these lncRNAs in patients' samples would help to design effective targeted ther apies. SouhrnVýchodiska: Rakovina děložního čípku jako běžný urogenitální nádor způsobuje u žen značné zdravotní problémy. Byla vynaložena snaha o identifikaci patogeneze za účelem nalezení cílených terapií. Bylo prokázáno, že dlouhé nekódující ribonukleové kyseliny (lncRNA) regulují několik signálních drah a genů souvisejících s nádory, což přispívá k patogenezi lidských malignit vč. rakoviny děložního čípku. V rámci prezentovaného článku jsme do prosince 2017 vyhledávali klíčová slova "cervical cancer" (rakovina děložního čípku) nebo "cervical neoplasm" (cervikální novotvar) a "long non-cod ing RNA" (dlouhá nekódující RNA) nebo "lncRNA", publikovaná v databázi PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science a Scopus. Cíl: Zjistit, jakou roli hrají lncRNA v rakovině děložního čípku. Závěry: LncRNA ovlivňují patogenezi rakoviny děložního čípku prostřednictvím četných mechanismů, jako je vytváření tzv. scaffolds pro sestavení proteinových komplexů, sloužící jako tzv. directors pro získávání proteinů, fungujících jako transkripční zesilovače pomocí remodelování chromatinu, sloužící jako tzv. návnady k uvolnění proteinů z chromatinu nebo zvrácení účinků jiné regulační nekódující RNA jako jsou mikroRNA. Analýza signálních drah ukázala, že v procesu patogeneze rakoviny děložního čípku několik lncRNA reguluje dráhy PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR, Wnt-β catenin a Notch signální dráhy. Navíc exprese několika lncRNA byla spojena s infekcí virem lidského papilomu. Identifikace lncRNA, které mění signální dráhy související s nádory, a následná expre...