Discovery and Characterization of Novel Bat Coronavirus Lineages from Kazakhstan

Mendenhall, Ian H.; Kerimbayev, Aslan; Strochkov, Vitaliy; Sultankulova, Kulyaisan; Kopeyev, Syrym K.; Su, Yvonne C. F.; Smith, Gavin; Orynbayev, Mukhit

doi:10.3390/v11040356

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The use of conventional polymerase chain reaction/reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR/RT-PCR), as well as metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, has led to the discovery of many novel viruses in bats. The identification of new CoVs in bats in several neighbouring Asian countries such as China 3 , Sri Lanka 18 and Singapore 19 20 and the growing threats of novel CoV diseases such as COVID-19 led us to investigate Pteropus and Rousettus bats commonly found in India, for identification and characterization of BtCoVs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of coronaviruses in Pteropus & Rousettus species of bats from different States of India

Yadav

Shete-Aich

Nyayanit

et al. 2020

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Background & objectives: Bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. In India, an association of Pteropus medius bats with the Nipah virus was reported in the past. It is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also has its association with bats. To assess the presence of CoVs in bats, we performed identification and characterization of bat CoV (BtCoV) in P. medius and Rousettus species from representative States in India, collected during 2018 and 2019. Methods: Representative rectal swab (RS) and throat swab specimens of Pteropus and Rousettus spp. bats were screened for CoVs using a pan-CoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRp ) gene. A single-step RT-PCR was performed on the RNA extracted from the bat specimens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on a few representative bat specimens that were tested positive. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the partial sequences of RdRp gene sequences retrieved from both the bat species and complete viral genomes recovered from Rousettus spp. Results: Bat samples from the seven States were screened, and the RS specimens of eight Rousettus spp. and 21 Pteropus spp. were found positive for CoV RdRp gene. Among these, by Sanger sequencing, partial RdRp sequences could be retrieved from three Rousettus and eight Pteropus bat specimens. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp region demonstrated distinct subclustering of the BtCoV sequences retrieved from these Rousettus and Pteropus spp. bats. NGS led to the recovery of four sequences covering approximately 94.3 per cent of the whole genome of the BtCoVs from Rousettus bats. Three BtCoV sequences had 93.69 per cent identity to CoV BtRt-BetaCoV/GX2018. The fourth BtCoV sequence was 96.8 per cent identical to BtCoV HKU9-1. Interpretation & conclusions: This study was a step towards understanding the CoV circulation in Indian bats. Detection of potentially pathogenic CoVs in Indian bats stresses the need for enhanced screening for novel viruses in them. One Health approach with collaborative activities by the animal health and human health sectors in these surveillance activities shall be of use to public health. This would help in the development of diagnostic assays for novel viruses with outbreak potential and be useful in disease inter...

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confidence: 99%

Detection of coronaviruses in Pteropus & Rousettus species of bats from different States of India

Yadav

Shete-Aich

Nyayanit

et al. 2020

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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“…Species belonging to the Rhinolophus genus, including R. ferrumequinum , are known natural hosts for numerous SARS-CoV-related betacoronaviruses [9,31]. Alphacoronaviruses [10,32,33], and possibly betacoronaviruses [8], circulate in species belonging to the Myotis genera. Primary cells generated from wing biopsies of R. ferrumequinum , M. myotis , M. nattereri and M. brandtii (table 1) were subjected to infection by SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific molecular barriers to SARS-CoV-2 replication in bat cells

Aicher

Streicher

Chazal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Bats are natural reservoirs of numerous coronaviruses, including the potential ancestor of SARS-CoV-2. Knowledge concerning the interaction between coronaviruses and bat cells is sparse. We investigated the susceptibility of primary cells from Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Myotis species, as well as of established and novel cell lines from Myotis myotis, Eptesicus serotinus, Tadarida brasiliensis and Nyctalus noctula, to SARS-CoV-2 infection. None of these cells were sensitive to infection, not even the ones expressing detectable levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as the viral receptor in many mammalian species. The resistance to infection was overcome by expression of human ACE2 (hACE2) in three cell lines, suggesting that restriction to viral replication was due to a low expression of bat ACE2 (bACE2) or absence of bACE2 binding in these cells. Infectious virions were produced but not released from hACE2-transduced M. myotis brain cells. E. serotinus brain cells and M. myotis nasal epithelial cells expressing hACE2 efficiently controlled viral replication. This ability to control viral replication correlated with a potent interferon response. Our data highlight the existence of species-specific molecular barriers to viral replication in bat cells. These novel chiropteran cellular models are valuable tools to investigate the evolutionary relationships between bats and coronaviruses.

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“…In this study, three novel alphacoronaviruses, three novel betacoronaviruses, and one previously identified alphacoronavirus were detected for the first time in bats in Myanmar. Novel lineages of alphacoronaviruses were also detected in bat guano samples collected from caves on several locations in Kazakhstan (Mendenhall et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Bat (Guano) Viromementioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of bat guano: for what is this knowledge important?

Dimkić

Fira

Janakiev

et al. 2021

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Bats as flying mammals are potent vectors and natural reservoir hosts for many infectious viruses, bacteria, and fungi, also detected in their excreta such as guano. Accelerated deforestation, urbanization, and anthropization hastily lead to overpopulation of the bats in urban areas allowing easy interaction with other animals, expansion, and emergence of new zoonotic disease outbreaks potentially harmful to humans. Therefore, getting new insights in the microbiome of bat guano from different places represents an imperative for the future. Furthermore, the use of novel high-throughput sequencing technologies allows better insight in guano microbiome and potentially indicated that some species could be typical guano-dwelling members. Bats are well known as a natural reservoir of many zoonotic viruses such as Ebola, Nipah, Marburg, lyssaviruses, rabies, henipaviruses, and many coronaviruses which caused a high number of outbreaks including ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, many bacterial and fungal pathogens were identified as common guano residents. Thus, the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria as environmental reservoirs of extended spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase-producing strains has been confirmed. Bat guano is the most suitable substrate for fungal reproduction and dissemination, including pathogenic yeasts and keratinophilic and dimorphic human pathogenic fungi known as notorious causative agents of severe endemic mycoses like histoplasmosis and fatal cryptococcosis, especially deadly in immunocompromised individuals. This review provides an overview of bat guano microbiota diversity and the significance of autochthonous and pathogenic taxa for humans and the environment, highlighting better understanding in preventing emerging diseases. Key points& Bat guano as reservoir and source for spreading of autochthonous and pathogenic microbiota & Bat guano vs. novel zoonotic disease outbreaks & Destruction of bat natural habitats urgently demands increased human awareness

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Discovery and Characterization of Novel Bat Coronavirus Lineages from Kazakhstan

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Detection of coronaviruses in Pteropus & Rousettus species of bats from different States of India

Detection of coronaviruses in Pteropus & Rousettus species of bats from different States of India

Species-specific molecular barriers to SARS-CoV-2 replication in bat cells

The microbiome of bat guano: for what is this knowledge important?

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