Discovery from a large-scaled survey of Trichoderma in soil of China

Abstract

The first large-scaled survey of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma is conducted in 23 provinces of China. Twenty-three new species belonging to the green-ascospored clades are discovered. Their phylogenetic positions are determined by sequence analyses of the combined partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit encoding genes. Morphology and culture characteristics are observed, described and illustrated in detail. Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are compared and discussed. They are named as: T. aggregatum, T. alpinum, T. bannaense, T. breve, T. brevicrassum, T. byssinum, T. chlamydosporicum, T. concentricum, T. ganodermatis, T. hainanense, T. hengshanicum, T. hirsutum, T. hunanense, T. ingratum, T. liberatum, T. linzhiense, T. longisporum, T. polypori, T. pseudodensum, T. simplex, T. solum, T. undatipile and T. zayuense.

Trichoderma from Brazilian garlic and onion crop soils and description of two new species: Trichoderma azevedoi and Trichoderma peberdyi

“…Representative sequences of each Trichoderma isolate cluster for each marker were used in BLAST [39] searches of the Genbank database in order to make provisional Trichoderma species identifications. This information was used to select reference sequences for further analyses, also incorporating strains used in recent taxonomic and molecular phylogenetic treatments of appropriate Trichoderma sections [23,40,41], S1 Table. The partitioned concatenated matrix was also analysed using the Bayesian Metropolis-coupled Markov Chain Monte Carlo method as implemented in MrBayes 3.2.6 [42], running on the CIPRES Science Gateway [43] and utilizing the Beagle library [44]. Model selection for each partition was made in PartitionFinder2 [35].…”

Large‐scale Trichoderma diversity was associated with ecosystem, climate and geographic location

“…There was no clear trend of Trichoderma community composition in response to changes in climatic elements (Table ), but we observed that Trichoderma diversity increased at the collection sites with greater average rainfall and higher mean temperature. Our results align with previous findings, which showed that the higher rainfall, humidity and temperature in southern China contained a greater diversity of Trichoderma species than the northern regions (Chen and Zhuang, ), and that the soil with the highest water retention capacity was associated with the highest Trichoderma species diversity (Racic et al ., ). Understanding the relationship between alpha diversity and climatic factors can improve the chance of collecting novel Trichoderma isolates for future assessment and potential application to agriculture and industry.…”

“…A). China is considered to be a hotspot of Trichoderma diversity, and previously over 60 novel species, collected from soil, wood and sediment, have been identified and confirmed by both phylogenetic analysis and morphological characterization (summarized by Chen and Zhuang, ). Our results reveal that there is a higher chance of finding new Trichoderma species in forest ecosystem, possibly because Trichoderma are well‐known decomposers of woody and herbaceous substrates, and are necrotrophic against the primary wood decomposers (Hoyos‐Carvajal et al ., ), while woody materials are highly enriched in forest soils.…”

“…In previous studies, large-scale surveys of Trichoderma spp. diversity have been conducted in New Zealand (Braithwaite et al, 2017), the Mediterranean Basin (Sadfi-Zouaoui et al, 2009;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr, 2015), Poland (Blaszczyk et al, 2011), Norway (Hageskal et al, 2008), South America (Hoyos-Carvajal et al, 2009), South Africa (du Plessis et al, 2018) and different regions of China (Jiang et al, 2016;Saravanakumar et al, 2016;Chen and Zhuang, 2017). These evaluations of Trichoderma diversity involved species identification, distribution and analyses of evolution and their phylogenetic relationships, while few studies quantitatively assessed the factors driving diversity of Trichoderma communities.…”

Trichoderma panacis sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from Panax notoginseng

“…Therefore, the use of DNA sequence analysis became the new paradigm in fungal phylogenetics and systematics. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) have been used to study the phylogenetic relationships within Trichoderma and to reveal taxonomic diversities [10].…”