Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)

Kemmer, J.; Stock, S.; Kossakowski, D.; Kaminski, A.; Molaverdikhani, Karan; Schlecker, Martin; Caballero, J. A.; Amado, P. J.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Bonfils, X.; Ciardi, David R.; Collins, Karen A.; Espinoza, N.; Fukui, A.; Hirano, Teruyuki; Jenkins, Jon M.; Latham, David W.; Matthews, Elisabeth C.; Narita, Norio; Πάλλη, Ε.; Parviainen, H.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Ricker, G.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Seager, Sara; Vanderspek, R.; Winn, Joshua N.; Almenara, J. M.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Bluhm, P.; Bouchy, F.; Boyd, Patricia T.; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Cifuentes, C.; Cloutier, Ryan; Collins, Karen; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Leon, Jerome P. de; Della-Rose, D. D.; Delfosse, X.; Dreizler, S.; Esparza-Borges, E.; Essack, Zahra; Forveille, T.; Figueira, P.; Galadí-Enríquez, D.; Gan, Tianjun; Glidden, Ana; Gonzales, Erica J.; Guerra, P.; Harakawa, Hiroki; Hatzes, A. P.; Henning, Th.; Herrero, E.; Hodapp, Klaus W.; Hori, Yasunori; Howell, Steve B.; Ikoma, Masahiro; Isogai, Keisuke; Jeffers, S. V.; Kürster, M.; Kawauchi, Kiyoe; Kimura, Tadahiro; Klagyivik, P.; Kotani, Takayuki; Kurokawa, Takashi; Kusakabe, Nobuhiko; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Lafarga, M.; Livingston, John H.; Luque, R.; Matson, Rachel A.; Morales, J. C.; Mori, Mayuko; Muirhead, Philip S.; Murgas, F.; Nishikawa, Jun; Nishiumi, Taku; Omiya, Masashi; Reffert, S.; López, C.; Santos, N. C.; Schöfer, P.; Schwarz, R.; Shiao, Bernie; Tamura, Motohide; Terada, Y.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Ueda, Akitoshi; Vievard, Sébastien; Watanabe, Noriharu; Zechmeister, M.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038967

Cited by 31 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 145 publications

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“…The HRI observations of TESS targets are also beginning to validate and characterize systems around brighter, closer stars. This includes the TOI-421 system, three planets orbiting a bright G dwarf (Carleo et al, 2020); GJ 3473 (TOI-488), a nearby M dwarf hosting a hot, transiting, Earth-size planet (Kemmer et al, 2020), and TOI-503, a short period brown dwarf transiting an A type star (Šubjak et al, 2020).…”

Section: Hri In Planet Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up and Validation of K2 and TESS Planetary Systems With Keck NIRC2 Adaptive Optics Imaging

Schlieder

Gonzales

Ciardi

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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High resolution imaging (HRI) is a critical part of the transiting exoplanet follow-up and validation process. HRI allows previously unresolved stellar companions and background blends to be resolved, vetting false positive signals and improving the radii measurements of true planets. Through a multi-semester Keck NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging program, we have pursued HRI of K2 and TESS candidate planet host systems to provide the transiting exoplanet community with necessary data for system validation and characterization. Here we present a summary of our ongoing program that includes an up to date list of targets observed, a description of the observations and data reduction, and a discussion of planetary systems validated by the community using these data. This observing program has been key in NASA's K2 and TESS missions reaching their goals of identifying new exoplanets ideal for continued follow-up observations to measure their masses and investigate their atmospheres. Once processed, all observations presented here are available as calibrated images and resulting contrast curves through the Exoplanet Follow-up Observing Program (ExoFOP) website. We encourage members of the exoplanet community to use these data products in their ongoing planetary system validation and characterization efforts.

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Section: Hri In Planet Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up and Validation of K2 and TESS Planetary Systems With Keck NIRC2 Adaptive Optics Imaging

Schlieder

Gonzales

Ciardi

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Conditions for Convergent Migration of N-Planet Systems

Beaugé

Cerioni

2022

Celest Mech Dyn Astron

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Detection capability of ground-based meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits

Mallonn

Poppenhaeger

Granzer

et al. 2022

A&A

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Meter-sized ground-based telescopes are frequently used today for the follow-up of extrasolar planet candidates. While the transit signal of a Jupiter-sized object can typically be detected to a high level of confidence with small telescope apertures as well, the shallow transit dips of planets with the size of Neptune and smaller are more challenging to reveal. We employ new observational data to illustrate the photometric follow-up capabilities of meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits. We describe in detail the capability of distinguishing the photometric signal of an exoplanet transit from an underlying trend in the light curve. The transit depths of the six targets we observed, Kepler-94b, Kepler-63b, K2-100b, K2-138b, K2-138c, and K2-138e, range from 3.9 ppt down to 0.3 ppt. For five targets of this sample, we provide the first ground-based photometric follow-up. The timing of three targets is precisely known from previous observations, and the timing of the other three targets is uncertain and we aim to constrain it. We detect or rule out the transit features significantly in single observations for the targets that show transits of 1.3 ppt or deeper. The shallower transit depths of two targets of 0.6 and 0.8 ppt were detected tentatively in single light curves, and were detected significantly by repeated observations. Only for the target of the shallowest transit depth of 0.3 ppt were we unable to draw a significant conclusion despite combining five individual light curves. An injection-recovery test on our real data shows that we detect transits of 1.3 ppt depth significantly in single light curves if the transit is fully covered, including out-of-transit data toward both sides, in some cases down to 0.7 ppt depth. For Kepler-94b, Kepler-63b, and K2-100b, we were able to verify the ephemeris. In the case of K2-138c with a 0.6 ppt deep transit, we were able to refine it, and in the case of K2-138e, we ruled out the transit in the time interval of more than ±1.5 σ of its current literature ephemeris.

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Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)

Cited by 31 publications

References 145 publications

Follow-Up and Validation of K2 and TESS Planetary Systems With Keck NIRC2 Adaptive Optics Imaging

Follow-Up and Validation of K2 and TESS Planetary Systems With Keck NIRC2 Adaptive Optics Imaging

Conditions for Convergent Migration of N-Planet Systems

Detection capability of ground-based meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits

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