Discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations**

Abstract

Atmospheric neutrinos are produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The zenith-angle and energy dependence of the muon-and electron-neutrino events are observed in atmospheric neutrino experiments. Through these studies neutrino oscillations were discovered. In this article, studies of atmospheric neutrinos in the Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande experiments are described.

QED origin of gravitational field and exotic consequences

“…We have obtained the gravitational field from charged particles self-interaction mediated by virtual photons, in the presence of the smallest uncertainty l. So a massive elementary particle if wasn't able to interact through an electro-magnetic field, wouldn't have a gravitational field. It is the case of massive neutrino [5] [9], that interacts only by weak force (which, among other, has an exponential form, not-compatible with gravitational low). We could imagine a virtual electro-weak boson self-interacting, but long distances r, then a long range time-space deformation, cannot be considered (simply just think that two neutrinos don't interact at long distance r via weak and electromagnetic force).…”

A century of breakthroughs with Annalen der Physik

“…As part of a diverse range of contributions depicting the achievements, status and prospects of the high energy physics field, it also contains an article on neutrino physics [4] -the topic that had just been awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics. Shortly after, we were most happy to welcome the two winners Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald with their traditional Nobel Lectures [5,6] to AdP.…”

“…As part of a diverse range of contributions depicting the achievements, status and prospects of the high energy physics field, it also contains an article on neutrino physics [4] -the topic that had just been awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics. Shortly after, we were most happy to welcome the two winners Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald with their traditional Nobel Lectures [5,6] to AdP.More recently, an article by Dmitry Podolsky and the established stem cell researcher Robert Lanza on decoherence in quantum gravity [7] has stirred quite a wave of media attention due to potential consequences for the "arrow of time" -even though it is just one aspect of this interesting theoretical work.Last but not least, we have also seen Editor's Choice articles and more new important work in condensed matter, photonics and applied physics, among them, e.g., high-pressure-high-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide [8], two-dimensional oxide quasicrystals [9] and nonlinear optical properties of molybdenum disulfide [10].These highlights are prominent examples showing that Annalen der Physik continues to be on the right track. It is also evidenced by various numerical indicators such as rising submission numbers (now approaching 400 per year), an acceptance rate between 30% and 35% and, most notably, a further 13% increase of our 2015 Impact Factor to now 3.443.…”