Discovery of nitric oxide in marine ecological system and the chemical characteristics of nitric oxide

Abstract

Nitric oxide was discovered in both the lab and the alga culture pond of Daya Bay (1-300 m 3 ) before the growth of alga reached the maximum. The results included: (1) NO was detected before the growth of alga reached the maximum in the case of red tide alga and food alga, and the concentration of NO decreased rapidly after the growth maximum; (2) the curve between NO concentration and time indicated that the concentration of NO in the daytime was more than that at night, and the maximal concentration of NO appeared in the midday (1-3 pm); (3) the growth of alga reached the maximum in the alga culture pond of Daya Bay in about 8-10 d, and NO was discovered in 5-7 d; (4) the measured NO concentration was 10 −9 mol/L, 10 −9 -10 −8 mol/L, and 10 −8 mol/L for Haeterosigma akashiwo, mixed alga in Daya Bay and Chaetoceros Curvisetus individually; (5) the relation of illumination with NO production was discussed.Keywords: marine ecological system, the detection of nitric oxide, red tide alga, the chemical characteristics of nitric oxide production.

Nitric oxide in marine photosynthetic organisms

“…In the marine environment, organisms are constantly exposed to NO, whose levels are 10 4 times higher than those present in the atmosphere [21]. In the sea, NO can be derived from nitrification/de-nitrification processes of the nitrogen cycle [22], from plant emission fluxes [23] as well as sunlight photolysis of nitrate [24].…”

Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

“…ing their growth (Zhang et al, 2006a, b;Kim et al, 2006Kim et al, , 2008. Chen et al (2015) reported that calmodulin (a messenger protein expressed in eukaryotic cells) of the tropical sea cucumber participates in the production of NO during immune response.…”

Nitric Oxide Mediates Nitrite-Sensing and Acclimation and Triggers a Remodeling of Lipids

“…All gases in the N cycle, including NO c , are present in oceans (Zehr and Ward, 2002;Nicholls et al, 2007), either because of gas exchanges at the air-water interface (Nicholls et al, 2007) or because they are produced within oceans themselves. NO c is generated in seawater by nonbiological photochemical reactions (Olasehinde et al, 2010), large-scale electrical discharges (Gallardo and Rhodes, 1997), and enzymatic activities in organisms living in the aerobic photic zone (Zhang et al, 2006;Olasehinde et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2015;Eroglu et al, 2016) or in oxygen minimum zones (Naqvi et al, 1998;Nicholls et al, 2007;Martens-Habbena et al, 2015). Among the key biogeochemical cycles on which ecosystems depend for their sustainability, the N cycle is clearly the most perturbed by human activities (Fowler et al, 2013), marked by massive anthropogenic leakage of nitrate and ammonia from fertilized soils (Nicholls et al, 2007;Fowler et al, 2013) and by emissions of NOx (Nicholls et al, 2007;IPCC, 2014;Michalski et al, 2014).…”

“…There are no reliable reports on NO c concentrations in aquatic ecosystems, because this reactive molecule has a lifetime of only a few seconds (Naqvi et al, 1998;Zehr and Ward, 2002;Zhang et al, 2006;Olasehinde et al, 2010). In natural seawater, NO c concentration has been estimated between 0.01 and 10 nM (Zhang et al, 2006).…”

“…There are no reliable reports on NO c concentrations in aquatic ecosystems, because this reactive molecule has a lifetime of only a few seconds (Naqvi et al, 1998;Zehr and Ward, 2002;Zhang et al, 2006;Olasehinde et al, 2010). In natural seawater, NO c concentration has been estimated between 0.01 and 10 nM (Zhang et al, 2006). In industrial microalgae cultivation systems supplied with industrial flue gas (Vunjak-Novakovic et al, 2005), we estimate that NOx (including NO c ) concentrations could reach the micro-to millimolar range, that is, one thousand-to one million-fold above the natural level.…”