Imaging techniques for detection of molecular and cellular processes that precede or accompany lung diseases are needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in the development of pulmonary pathology.
Objectives
Investigate the feasibility of in vivo MMP-targeted molecular imaging for detection of lung inflammation and remodeling.
Methods
Lung-specific IL-13 transgenic [Club cell 10-kDa protein (CC10)-IL-13Tg)] mice, and wild type (WT) littermates were used in this study. Lung structure, gene expression, and MMP activity were assessed by histology, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and zymography. MMP activation was imaged by in vivo micro single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT followed by ex vivo planar imaging. Signal specificity was addressed using a control tracer. The correlation between in vivo MMP signal and gene expression was addressed.
Results
CC10-IL-13Tg mice developed considerable pulmonary tissue remodeling and inflammation. CD68, MMP-12 and MMP-13 were significantly higher in CC10-IL-13Tg lungs. On in vivo microSPECT/CT and ex vivo planar images, the MMP signal was significantly higher in the lungs of CC10-IL-13Tg mice than WT animals. Furthermore, a non-binding analog tracer showed significantly lower accumulation in CC10-IL-13Tg lungs relative to the specific tracer. There was a significant correlation between microSPECT/CT-derived MMP signal and CD68 expression in the lungs (r = 0.70, P < 0.01).
Conclusions
MicroSPECT/CT-based MMP-targeted imaging of the lungs is feasible and reflects pulmonary inflammation. If validated in humans, molecular imaging of inflammation and remodeling can potentially help early diagnosis and monitoring of the effects of therapeutic interventions in pulmonary diseases.