Of ChtI and Of Chi-h are considered potential targets for the control of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). In this work, the previously reported Of ChtI inhibitor 5f was found to show certain inhibitory activity against Of Chi-h (K i = 5.81 μM). Two series of novel butenolide derivatives based on lead compound 5f were designed with the conjugate skeleton, contributing to the π-binding interaction to chitinase, and then synthesized. Compounds 4a−l and 7a−p displayed excellent inhibitory activities against Of ChtI and Of Chi-h, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM. Compound 4h was found to be a good dual-Chitinase inhibitor, with K i values of 1.82 and 2.00 μM against Of ChtI and Of Chi-h, respectively. The inhibitory mechanism studies by molecular docking suggested that π−π stacking interactions were crucial to the inhibitory activity of novel butenolide derivatives against two different chitinases. A preliminary bioassay indicated that 4h exhibited certain growth inhibition effects against O. furnacalis. Butenolide-like analogues should be further studied as promising novel dual-chitinase inhibitor candidates for the control of O. furnacalis.