Discovery of Syndiotactic Polystyrene: Its Synthesis and Impact

Baugh, Lisa Saunders; Schulz, D. N.

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00350

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…sPS is utilized in temperature resistant automotive and home appliance applications and its biaxially oriented film is used in high-temperature resistant films, e.g., ovenable packaging. However, to overcome its inherent brittleness and poor impact Extending Alkenes' Value Chain to Functionalized Polyolefins DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99078 strength, nanocomposites of sPS reinforced with glass or carbon fibers, mineral fillers or elastomers are developed [48].…”

Section: Cyclic Olefin (Co)polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Alkenes’ Value Chain to Functionalized Polyolefins

Balzade¹,

Sharif²,

Anbaran³

2021

Alkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications

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Naphtha is one of the crude oil distillation products, bringing almost the lowest value-addition to crude oil, compared to other refinery products such as liquid petroleum gas, gasoline, and diesel. However, Naphtha can be converted to one of the highest value products at the end of the value chain, i.e., polyolefins. Although the production of conventional commodity polyolefins from crude oil, is considered as one of the final products in alkenes’ value chain, there are specialty polyolefins with higher values. Specialty polyolefins are small volume, high-performance thermoplastics with high-profit margins compared to traditional commodity polyolefins. Recently, some special purpose functionalized polyolefins have been developed as efficient substituents for high-performance engineering thermoplastics. Polyolefins are exploited as cost-effective platforms to produce these functionalized thermoplastics. They are promising candidates for replacing high-performance polymers with high-cost raw materials and elaborate production processes. So, functional polyolefins have introduced a new paradigm in the production of high-performance thermoplastics, extending the alkenes’ value chain and increasing profitability. High-performance specialty polyolefins may find exceptional markets in niche applications. In this chapter, the commercial specialty and functional polyolefins’ current situation and prospects are reviewed.

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Section: Cyclic Olefin (Co)polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Alkenes’ Value Chain to Functionalized Polyolefins

Balzade¹,

Sharif²,

Anbaran³

2021

Alkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications

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“…[ 1‐9 ] The resulting syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) exhibits excellent chemical and physical properties such as high crystallinity, melting point, modulus of elasticity, low dielectric constant and excellent resistance to heat and chemicals, which enable its application as engineering plastic. [ 10‐17 ] However, sPS cannot be synthesized by radical and ionic polymerizations. The coordination insertion polymerization of styrene catalyzed by organometallic catalysts offers opportunities to precisely synthesize syndiotactic polystyrene.…”

Section: Background and Originality Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndiospecific Polymerization of Styrene Catalyzed by Half‐titanocenes Containing Monodentate Anionic Nitrogen Ligands

et al. 2021

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Main observation and conclusion Styrene polymerization catalyzed by the half‐titanocenes CpTiCl2[1,3‐R2(CH2N)2C=N] (6b: R= 2,6‐Me2C6H3, T4: R = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2; T5: R = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3) was carried out in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO). Compared to the styrene conversion (31%) and syndiospecific index (45%) using reported 6b as precatalyst, T5 bearing ligand with isopropyl substitutes on the N‐aryl‐rings exhibits much higher styrene conversion (61%) and syndiospecific index (99%), indicating that the catalytic behavior could be improved obviously by the introduction of electronic donating and steric bulky substituents. One N atom in imidazolin‐2‐iminato ligand was replaced by O atom, affording half‐titanocenes CpTiCl2[3‐C6H5(CH2N)(CH2O)C=N (T1) and CpTiCl2[2,6‐Me2(C6H3O)(NiPr2)C=N] (T2). Compared to 6b, both higher styrene conversion and syndiospecific index are afforded by using half‐titanocene T1 containing 2‐imino‐3‐phenyloxazolidine ligand. All the results illustrate that both the chemical structure and the nature of substituents of the ligand have obvious influence on the styrene conversion and syndiospecific index in the polymerization of styrene. All the resulting syndiotactic polystyrenes (sPSs) are highly syndiospecific (rrr > 99%). Correspondingly, the sPS prepared using T5/MAO catalytic system exhibits high melting point and narrow molecular weight distribution. The results might show new light on designing more efficient half‐titanocenes for styrene polymerization with both high styrene conversion and high syndiospecific selectivity.

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“…Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) has continued to attract the interest of scientists nearly four decades after its first preparation report. 1–3 Furthermore, this new polystyrene with high crystallinity was reported thirty years after the first isotactic polystyrene by Natta et al 4 Notably, titanium and organo-aluminium compound-based catalyst systems lead to the high stereoregularity of sPS. 5,6 One of the biggest features of sPS is its high crystallinity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%