Discovery of the eucalypt pathogen<i>Quambalaria eucalypti</i>infecting a non-<i>Eucalyptus</i>host in Uruguay

Pérez, Carlos A.; Beer, Z. Wilhelm de; Altier, Nora; Wingfield, Michael J.; Blanchette, Robert A.

doi:10.1071/ap08063

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…There are a growing number of Eucalyptus pathogens that have undergone host jumps (Slippers et al 2005) from native Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae (Myrtales) in countries where Eucalyptus spp. have been planted as exotics (Wingfield 2003;Glen et al 2007) Many of these examples are from South America including Uruguay (Pérez 2008). The most recent examples are Quambalaria eucalypti (Pérez et al 2008), Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum (Pérez et al 2009b), Puccinia psidii (Pérez et al 2010a) and members of Botryosphaeriaceae (Pérez et al 2010b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Unexpected genetic diversity revealed in the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Teratosphaeria gauchensis

Cortinas¹,

Barnes²,

Wingfield³

et al. 2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Teratosphaeria gauchensis causes a serious canker disease on Eucalyptus spp. in plantations in South America and Africa. The pathogen is closely related to, but distinct from T. zuluensis that causes a similar stem canker disease on Eucalyptus. The objective of this study was to use 10 previously developed polymorphic microsatellite markers to study the population diversity of T. gauchensis, based on collections of the fungus made in Argentina and Uruguay. The alleles were size -analyzed to determine population genetic parameters of the T. gauchensis populations. The results showed that isolates from the two collection sites represent the same population. Overall, the genetic diversity amongst isolates was higher than expected and inconsistent with the notion that the pathogen represents a recent introduction into South America.Additional keywords: ascomycete, Eucalyptus stem canker, forest pathogen, Teratosphaeria gauchensis, Teratosphaeria zuluensis, microsatellites, population structure. known as Coniothyrium canker on Eucalyptus spp. Teratosphaeria zuluensis was the first of these fungi to be described after it was discovered causing serious damage to the stems of clonally propagated Eucalyptus grandis in the Kwa-Zulu Natal province of South Africa (Wingfield et al. 1997). The disease spread rapidly in the 1990's and became one of the most serious impediments to Eucalyptus plantation forestry in that country (Old et al. 2003).Due to the serious economic impact of Coniothyrium canker on plantations in South Africa, there were various studies undertaken to better understand the relevance and biology of T. zuluensis (van Zyl, 1999, van Zyl et al. 2002. Some years later, a very similar disease was discovered on E grandis clones in Argentina and Uruguay and surprisingly, the causal agent was found to be different to T. zuluense (Cortinas et al. 2006b). The causal agent of the disease was described as Teratosphaeria gauchensis. Teratosphaeria gauchensis and T. zuluensis are morphologically almost indistinguishable and they give rise to the same symptoms after infection. Thus, the only reliable means to distinguish between the two fungi is via DNA sequence comparisons. Both fungi were initially described as mitotic species and residing in the teleomorph genus Mycosphaerella based on phylogenetic inference (Cortinas et al. 2006b; Andjic et al. 2007) but recent taxonomic re-evaluation has relegated them to anamorphs of Teratosphaeria in the Teratosphaeriaceae (Crous et al. 2007; Crous et al. 2009).Teratosphaeria gauchensis causes cankers on young branches and tree trunks although it has also been isolated from leaf spots on E. maidenii and E. tereticornis in Uruguay (Pérez et al. 2009a).The typical stem and trunk lesions caused by this fungus are necrotic and have a characteristic dark oval shape (Cortinas et al. 2006b). The extent of the lesions varies depending on the susceptibility of the infected trees. Severe infections arise from small cankers that merge to cover large areas of the trunk. Both the sof...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Unexpected genetic diversity revealed in the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Teratosphaeria gauchensis

Cortinas¹,

Barnes²,

Wingfield³

et al. 2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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“…These fungi are all known on Eucalyptus leaves in countries other than Uruguay and it seems most likely that they were introduced into Uruguay on Eucalyptus and have subsequently undergone a host shift to native tree species. Such host shifts have recently been shown in Uruguay for Quambalaria leaf disease caused by Q. eucalypti (Perez et al 2008) and Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum (Perez et al 2009c). This is, however, the first evidence of species associated with MLD of Eucalyptus undergoing such host shifts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Species of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae on native Myrtaceae in Uruguay: evidence of fungal host jumps

et al. 2013

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Mycosphaerella species are well-known causal agents of leaf diseases on many economically and ecologically important plant species. In Uruguay, a relatively large number of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae are found on Eucalyptus, but nothing is known of these fungi on native Myrtaceae. The aim of this study was to identify Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae species associated with leaf diseases on native Myrtaceae in Uruguay and to consider whether host jumps by the pathogen from introduced Eucalyptus to native Myrtaceae have occurred.Several native forests throughout the country were surveyed with special attention given to those located close to Eucalyptus plantations. Five species belonging to the Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae clades were found on native Myrtaceous trees and three of these had previously been reported on Eucalyptus in Uruguay. Those occurring both on Eucalyptus and native Myrtaceae included Pallidocercospora heimii, Pseudocercospora norchiensis andTeratosphaeria aurantia. In addition, Mycosphaerella yunnanensis, a species known to occur on Eucalyptus but not previously recorded in Uruguay, was found on leaves of two native Myrtaceous hosts. Because most of these species occur on Eucalyptus in countries other than Uruguay, it appears that they were introduced in this country and have adapted to be able to infect native Myrtaceae. These apparent host jumps have the potential to result in serious disease problems and they should be carefully monitored.

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“…So far, the non‐eucalypt hosts known for Q. eucalypti are Myrceugenia glaucescens (Pérez et al., ) and a single Corymbia hybrid referred to by Pegg et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Pérez et al. ). The most common visible signs of the fungus are white masses of powdery spores on leaf lesions and stems (Alfenas et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Quambalaria eucalypti a pathogen of Eucalyptus globulus newly reported in Portugal and in Europe

Bragança

Diogo

Neves³

et al. 2015

Forest Pathology

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Summary The Eucalyptus pathogen Quambalaria eucalypti has been reported from several subtropical and tropical countries of the Southern Hemisphere. During the course of a nationwide monitoring programme aimed at the detection of pathogens in commercial eucalypt plantations in Portugal, Q. eucalypti was found affecting Eucalyptus globulus. The identity of the pathogen was confirmed by sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA operon, as well as morphological characteristics. Quambalaria eucalypti is widespread throughout the eucalypt‐producing areas of Portugal. Pathogenicity studies revealed that different host genotypes showed various degrees of susceptibility to the pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Q. eucalypti on Eucalyptus spp. in Portugal and in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Discovery of the eucalypt pathogenQuambalaria eucalyptiinfecting a non-Eucalyptushost in Uruguay

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Unexpected genetic diversity revealed in the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Teratosphaeria gauchensis

Unexpected genetic diversity revealed in the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Teratosphaeria gauchensis

Species of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae on native Myrtaceae in Uruguay: evidence of fungal host jumps

Quambalaria eucalypti a pathogen of Eucalyptus globulus newly reported in Portugal and in Europe

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